机械性损伤的法医学鉴定.docVIP

机械性损伤机械性损伤 Mechanical injury of the forensic identification Cheng mingqi [Abstract] Mechanical injury by a variety of mechanical injury to the role of objects so that the organizational structure of the physical damage or physical obstacles occur. In order to detect and the purpose of the trial, and carry out a detailed inspection of damage, records, and caused injury, the extent to meet the consequences of scientific conclusions or analysis, known as the mechanical injury of the forensic identification. The purpose of forensic identification is to determine the type and severity of injury extent, is self-injury, injury or accident he is wounded during his lifetime or after death injury, as well as the relationship between injury and death. Passed the inspection, but also the basis of injury in order to infer the morphological characteristics, such as that the weapons of the investigation and trial of great significance. In this paper, mechanical injury to the time of injury, weapons, and infer that the process of analysis of injury, injury causes, injury conditions, the capacity after injury, the relationship between injury and disease, injury, etc. to determine cause of death in both cases the nature of the determination of the trial to detect and to provide clues and evidence, such as the importance of mechanical injury to explore the issue of forensic identification. [Key Words]imitate handwriting; signature handwriting test 机械性损伤 1、作用力。作用力通过致伤物的运动所产生的能量转移到机体便产生了损伤。按物理学的基本原理分析，在物体质量一定时，影响作用力和能量的关键因素是速度和时间，速度越快，时间越短，损伤便越严重。 2、致伤物。法医学将机械性损伤的致伤物概括地分为钝器、锐器和火器。一般来说，损伤的形态、特征与致伤物的形态直接相关，法医学家可根据损伤的特征推断致伤物。但是，由于致伤物种类繁多，有时数种致伤物可形成相似的损伤，如柴刀、菜刀、匕首所致的切创。致伤物与机体的接触面以及致伤方式是影响损伤特征的关键因素之一，比如同样是棍棒打击，如果棍棒体接触则形成长条形的损伤。 3、受伤机体。除了机体的年龄、性别、健康状况等一般因素外，影响损伤的形成和损伤的特征的机体因素主要是作用部位组织解剖结构的特点、机体的体位和运动状态以及体表的保护状况。 （二）机械性损伤的形态分类 1、压痕。钝器强力压迫皮肤所遗留的痕迹，无组织结构破坏和局部功能障碍，是组织受到压迫或挤压在未达到弹性回复前的一种表现。如牙咬痕、轮胎辗过人体时的印痕等等。 2、表皮剥脱。致伤物与表层皮肤呈切线方向互相擦挫作用而引起的皮肤表皮层与真皮层脱离称表皮剥脱。表皮剥脱在生前或死后均可形成。法医学上研究表皮剥脱的意义在于：（1）表皮剥脱的部位反映