出口，生产力和集聚.doc

文献： Exporting, productivity and agglomeration Abstract Economic analysis of adjustment to globalization has shifted from countries and industries to firms and plants. One particularly fruitful area for research has been aspects of entry to, participation in and exit from export markets. This paper contributes to that literature. Its focus is the exporting behaviour of manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom. To isolate the impact of participation in export markets we use nearest neighbour matching. For 1988–2002, we find evidence that spillovers associated with agglomeration can raise the probability of export market entry and once entry has occurred there may be additional productivity benefits. Survival is driven partly by size and total factor productivity and partly by industry characteristics. 1. Introduction In recent years the analysis of adjustment to globalization has shifted from countries and industries to firms and plants. As a result, we have many new insights into factors shaping the decision to export, choice between exporting and foreign direct investment, choice of location for footloosefirms, interactions between the productivity of domestic and foreign firms and so on. Moreover, analysis of firm level adjustment to shocks such as trade liberalization, regional integration and exchange rate changes are also proving possible. The emergence of this literature has been driven by three developments: Growing availability of firm level datasets; the development of microeconometric tools for interrogating them and the development of new theories to explain regularities suggested by the data. One of the most rapidly growing parts of the literature is the empirical analysis of entry to, participation in and exit from export markets, the subject of this paper, our focus being the exporting behaviour of manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom. Like most other work, including our earlier paper (Girma et al., 2004b), we find that exporting firms tend to be