雪被斑块对高山森林两种灌木凋落叶质量损失的影响.docVIP

植物生态学报  2013, 37 (4): 306–316  doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00030 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology   雪被斑块对高山森林两种灌木凋落叶质量损失的 影响  何伟  吴福忠  杨万勤*武启骞  何敏  赵野逸 四川农业大学生态林业研究所, 四川省林业生态工程省级重点实验室, 成都 611130  摘  要  高山/亚高山森林灌木层植物凋落物的分解对于系统物质循环等过程具有重要意义, 并可能受到冬季不同厚度雪被 斑块下冻融格局的影响。该文采用凋落物分解袋法, 研究了高山森林典型灌层植物华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida)和康定柳(Salix paraplesia)凋落物在沿林窗-林下形成的冬季雪被厚度梯度(厚型雪被斑块、较厚型雪被斑块、中型雪被斑块、薄型雪被斑块、 无雪被斑块)上在第一年不同关键时期(冻结初期、冻结期、融化期、生长季节初期和生长季节后期)的质量损失特征。在整个冻 融季节, 华西箭竹和康定柳凋落叶的平均质量损失分别占全年的(48.78 ± 2.35)%和(46.60 ± 5.02)%。冻融季节雪被覆盖斑块下凋 落叶的失重率表现出厚型雪被斑块大于薄型雪被斑块的趋势,而生长季节无雪被斑块的失重率明显较高。尽管如此, 华西箭竹凋 落物第一年分解表现出随冬季雪被厚度增加而增加的趋势, 但康定柳凋落物第一年失重率以薄型雪被斑块最高, 而无雪被斑块 最低。同时, 相关分析表明冻融季节凋落叶的失重率与平均温度和负积温呈极显著正相关, 生长季节凋落叶的失重率与所调查 的温度因子并无显著相关关系, 但全年凋落物失重率与平均温度和正/负积温均显著相关。这些结果清晰地表明, 未来冬季变暖 情境下高山森林冬季雪被格局的改变将显著影响灌层植物凋落物分解, 影响趋势随着物种的差异具有明显差异。 关键词 高山森林, 灌层凋落叶分解, 雪被斑块, 暖冬  Effect of snow patches on leaf litter mass loss of two shrubs in an alpine forest HE Wei, WU Fu-Zhong, YANG Wan-Qin*, WU Qi-Qian, HE Min, and ZHAO Ye-Yi Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecological Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China Abstract  Aims  Litter decomposition of understory species is one of the essential components in material cycling and other important processes in alpine/subalpine forest ecosystems. Natural snow patches with different snow depths in winter could play an important role in litter decomposition due to significantly different freeze-thaw characters, but little information has been available. Therefore, our objective was to understand the effects of snow patches on litter decomposition of dwarf bamboo (Fargesia nitida) and salix (Salix paraplesia), two representative understory shrubs in alpine forest. Methods A field experiment using litterbags was conducted in an alpine forest in western Sichuan, China. Sam- ples of air-dried leaf litter were placed in nylon litterbags, and the litterbags were placed on the forest floor alon