2013 Sep-Oct Surgery of the Mind, Mood, and Conscious State- An Idea in Evolution文章.pdfVIP

Peer-Review Reports FRONTIERS Surgery of the Mind, Mood, and Conscious State: An Idea in Evolution R. Aaron Robison, Alexander Taghva, Charles Y. Liu, Michael L. J. Apuzzo Since the beginning of recorded history, humans have sought deep-brain stimulation now aims to reversibly alter and a physical means of altering disordered behavior and con- modulate those neurologic activities responsible for not only sciousness. This quest has spawned numerous innovations in psychiatric disorders, but also to modulate and even to neurosurgery and the neurosciences, from the earliest prehis- augment consciousness, memory, and other elements of ce- toric attempts at trepanation to the electrocortical and ana- rebral function. As new tools become available, the social and tomic localization of cerebral function that emerged in the 19th medical impact of psychosurgery promises to revolutionize not century. At the start of the 20th century, the overwhelming only neurosurgery, but also humans’ capability for positively social impact of psychiatric illness intersected with the novel impacting life and society. but imperfect understanding of frontal lobe function, establish- ing a decades-long venture into the modern origin of psycho- surgery, the prefrontal lobotomy. The subsequent social and ethical ramifications of the widespread overuse of transorbital INTRODUCTION lobotomies drove psychosurgery to near extinction. However, Since the beginning of human existence, the desire to modify human as the pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric illness was behavior and consciousness through indirect or direct physical in- established, numerous concomitant te