中央银行学课件 中央银行的货币发行.pptVIP

全套课件 全套课件 方案三：私人竞争性货币发行 每个人，每个机构均可以发行自己的货币 所谓“假币”：私人铸币合法化 Concurrent currencies (并发货币) 多种货币同时流通,自由竞争 全套课件 货币无边界 国内贸易还是国际贸易？ The relation between regions or localities is in this respect not essentially different from the relations between countries. 全套课件 每个省各自用自己的货币行吗？ 不同意的理由是什么？ 事实未必能够用眼睛看出来 全国统一的货币 欧元、美元、亚元、人民币 还是世界元？ 全套课件 不同的发行人，不同的行为 A money deliberately controlled in supply by an agency whose self-interest forced it to satisfy the wishes of users might be the best. A money regulated to satisfy the demands of group interests is bound to be the worst possible. 私人机构如何维持所发纸币的价值是稳定的？ 私人机构会联合起来垄断吗？ 私人机构会倾销吗？ 全套课件 法院和法官 With the abolition of the government monopoly of issuing money, the courts will soon understand, and, I trust, statute law recognize, that justice requires debts to be paid in terms of the units of value which the parties to the contracts intended and not in what government says is a substitute for them. 全套课件 Gold standard not the solution It may be that, with free competition between different kinds of money, gold coins might at first proved to be the most popular. But the increasing demand for gold, would probably lead to such rise of the price of gold that, though it might still be widely used for hoarding, it would soon cease to be convenient as the unit for business transactions and accounting. 全套课件 Good money can come only from self-interest, not from benevolence We cannot count on intelligence or understanding but only on sheer self-interest to give us the institutions we need. 是态度还是智商？ 问题：经济发行如何做到刚好？ 问题：还是不需要知道是否刚好？ 经济学思维和角度的差异在哪儿？ 何处用心，何处用脑？ 全套课件 Is competition paper currency practicable? 《The wealth of nations》-Adam Smith wrote 200 years ago in 1776. ‘to expect, indeed, that the freedom of trade should ever be entirely restored in Great Britain, is as absurd as to expect that Utopia should ever be established in it’. But the idea caught on rapidly, and Great Britain became the first country to establish complete free trade in 18