通过能源系统向低碳社会转变外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Shift to a low carbon society through energy systems design Material Source: SCIENCE CHINA Technological Sciencess Author: Toshihiko Nakata, Mikhail Rodionov, Diego Silva ,Joni Jupesta 1 Introduction Global environmental degradation is one of the serious threats facing humankind as a result of its expanding activities around the world. Along with the development of society, vast quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have been discharged into the atmosphere, namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other non-CO2 gases. Energy activities are the main source of anthropogenic GHG emissions and they represented 61% of total global GHG emissions in the year 2000. Approximately 30% of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect can be attributed to non-CO2 GHGs. Rising concern about the impact of climate change has led to the definition of long-term sustainability of society looking forward to the reduction of GHGs. This interpretation of sustainable development has been termed the “low carbon society” (LCS). The sustainable development concept,introduced by the Brundtland Commission in 1987,refers to “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. 2 Energy systems for a low carbon society 2.1 Low carbon society’s concepts GHGs emission reduction targets have been set under local, national, and global initiatives. The Kyoto Protocol, which was established under the UNFCCC in 1997, set GHG emission reduction targets by the year 2012 for industrialized nations. Presently, environmental concerns are given a higher priority, and are directly linked to the concept of sustainable development. The views towards sustainable development have been broadened in order to consider the impact that a certain development path may have on society. Not only impact on the economic structure and environment, but also living conditions of people comprising a society are included. Poverty and equity are facto