Innovation, networking and the new industrial clusters the characteristics of networks and local innovation capabilities in the Turkish industrial clusters.外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Innovation, networking and the new industrial clusters: the characteristics of networks and local innovation capabilities in the Turkish industrial clusters Material Source: Eraydin, Ayda; Armatli-K?ro?lu, Bilge.Innovation, networking and the new industrial clusters: the characteristics of networks and local innovation capabilities in the Turkish industrial clusters[J]. ENTREPRENEURSHIP REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT,17, JULY (2005), 237–266 Author: Eraydin, Ayda; Armatli-K?ro?lu, Bilge Elaborating on the literature on industrial districts, this paper suggests that innovation and networking are the two key issues, which provide the new generation industrial clusters′ competitive capacity in the globalization process. The paper presents the findings on the innovative and networking capabilities of the three important industrial clusters of Turkey based on the data collected from the sample firms in each of these industrial clusters through in-depth interviews. The findings clearly show the importance of local and national networking as well as global linkages and confirm the positive relation between intensity of local networking and innovativeness. Moreover, the paper provides evidence that firms within global networks have higher numbers of innovations than firms with higher intensity of locally embedded linkages. Keywords: industrial clusters; innovativeness; local networks; global networks. 1. Introduction The recent literature on spatial development and industrial geography presents many success stories identified as ‘industrial districts′, which were peripheral and semi-peripheral regions of earlier decades. While major industrial centres of mass production had been deeply affected by the negative conditions brought by the 1970s crisis, these clusters of small and medium enterprises adapted successfully to the changing economic conditions. This situation has created a wide interest on defining success factors of such districts and describing the way in which the