“历来”与“历来”句探析.pdfVIP

摘 要 关于“历来”，以往的研究非常薄弱，尚有不少需要解决的问题。本文在前 人研究的基础上，首次对“历来”进行了比较全面、深入的研究，在以下方面提 出了自己的看法： 重新判定了“历来”的词性。对于“历来”，学界存在“时间副词”、“时 间名词”两种说法。本文采取句法和语义相结合、形式描写和功能解释相结合的 研究方法，通过分析语料，发现“历来”的语法功能集中表现为充当状语或定语， 由此我们认为“历来”属于兼类词，即为时间副词兼不典型的区别词，并运用史 有为先生的“充足比较法”加以验证。 重新归纳了“历来”的语法意义。即表示从过去开始到某时间之内的一段时 间。其中的“某时间”包括两大种情况，即终点不明确的和终点明确的，前者的 终点范围在过去或将来相当长的时间内，后者的终点是依据语境得知的某一特定 的时间。 首次考察、归纳了“历来”句的语法意义。即表示从过去开始的到某时间之 内事物动作或状态情况的不变、量变及质变等三种情况。 另外，通过对比分析、变换分析、数据统计等方法，从语义特征、语体、语 法功能等角度讨论“历来”与“一向”、“向来”、“从来”的细微区别。 关键词：历来；“历来”句；时间副词；区别词；语法意义 I Abstract The previous researches about the word “lilai”(历来) as grammatical phenomena showed lack of evidences with the remaining of numerous questions. Based on the foundation of former studies, this disquisition tends to give a comprehensive description of the word “lilai”(历来)for the first time with aspects as the following: Analyzes the part of speech of “lilai”(历来)again. There were two kinds of statements before ：time adverb and time term. This paper uses the research methods that combining syntax with semantics and integrating form and function to analyze a lot of examples, finds that the word “lilai”(历来)just can be adverbial or a ttribute, and comes to a new conclusion that “lilai”(历来) is a time adverb atypical distinguisher. Mr. Shi’s method of adequate comparative can be used to prove it. Concludes the grammar significance of the word “lilai”(历来) again, which is to show a section of time that from past to a certain time. There are two definitions of the “certain time”. One means the terminal point is not clear, and it can be in the past or in the future. The other means the terminal point is explicit, which it’s according to the context. Observes the