英语修辞复习.docVIP

修辞复习葵花宝典 1. Simile: It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if, seem, as though, like, similar to and such as are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用?as, as...as, as if, as though, seem, like, similar to 和 such as等。 1. He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.??? 2. I wandered lonely as a cloud.??? 3. Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 4. The human mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photographs not only of what we see but what we feel, hear, smell and taste. 2. Metaphor: Based on Webster抯 New World Dictionary, metaphor is defined as 揳 figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which one thing is applied to another.?It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a to simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 隐喻不用比喻词，是简缩了的明喻。它可以简缩为：A is B. 它直接把某一事物的名称用于另一事物。明喻在形式上是相似关系，而暗喻是相合关系。 1. Jim is as cunning as a fox. Jim is a fox. 2. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. ?3. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 4. The tree of love must be refreshed and watered from time to time with sweet words and oaths. 5. Her beautiful hair was pitch-black. 3. Personification It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions. For example: The wind whistled through the trees. 拟人是一种修辞方式，把生命赋予无生命的事物，把事物人格化。例如:??? The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads. I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. 4.Metonymy 借喻/转喻 It is a figurative way substituting the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.