野外調査と飼育実験を併用した魚類の繁殖特性研究.pdfVIP

87 野外調査 と飼育実験を併用 した魚類の繁殖特性研究 栗田 豊＊ Procedures to Estimate Reproductive Traits of Fish by Combining Field Surveys and Tank Experiments Yutaka KURITA＊ Abstract Problems in examining reproductive traits of fish species by field surveys and the advantages of tank experiments were reviewed. Required tank experiments differ due to the maturation-spawning type of the studied fish. For asynchronously maturing species which spawn many batches in a spawning season, rate of degeneration of postovulatory follicles (POF) in relation to temperature, diel changes in both final matu- ration and spawning, and the stage of spawning are required to be clarified by tank ex- periments. While for group-synchronously maturing species which spawn one or several batches, oocyte growth rate and the duration of atresia both in relation to temperature are required to be clarified by tank experiments. Effects of ration size and feeding period on the number of spawning eggs are also important issues to be examined. While tank experiments are very useful methods, they have risks of producing biased results because of the artificial environment and food. Thus, field surveys and tank experiments should be concurrently carried out to allow comparison and validation of results. Key words: reproductive traits, field survey, tank experiment, maturation pattern, spawning pattern 魚類の生活史特性は，変動する生物 ・非生物的環境 の環境 （例えば水温）のみを変化 させてその影響を抽 の影響を受けて常に変動 している。 したがって生活史 出できる，標本が経験 した環境履歴が把握できる，計 を研究するうえで，まず特性値を正確に評価すること， 画的かつ安定的に標本を採集できる，同一個体の特性 次に特性値を長期的に評価 し変動要因を特定すること， 値の