CK3225数控车床主传动系统优化设计.docVIP

摘 要 数控车床又称数字控制（Numbercal control，简称NC）机床。它是基于数字控制的，采用了数控技术，是一个装有程序控制系统的机床。它是由主机，CNC，驱动装置，数控机床的辅助装置，编程机及其他一些附属设备所组成。 此次设计包括机床的总体布局设计，纵向进给设计。控制系统部分包括步进电机的选用及硬件电路设计和软件系统设计，说明了芯片的扩展，键盘显示接口的设计等等。该控制系统采用软件中断控制系统结构及子程序结构，因为子程序结构简单、条件明确在经济型数控系统中应用比较多。中断结构采用模块化结构设计，因为这种结构便于修改和扩充，编制较为方便，便于向多处理机方向发展。 本文以数控机床为研究对象，介绍数控机床主-从式控制系统的设计过程。本设计采用 PC 机为上位机，8051为核心的单片机系统作下位机，以打印口作为两者间的通讯接口，构成主—从式控制系统。该类型机床可以利用微型计算机丰富的软硬件资源，可以编制出具有友好的人机界面的系统控制软件；可以利用单片机系统结构相对简单、工作可靠、价格便宜的特点，并借助C语言、汇编语言等编制出执行机构的位置控制软，可以使原数控机床的扩充性及开放性更强，使数控编程更加方便、高效，也为将来数控机床的网络控制打下基础。本文着重阐述数控机床及及主-从式系统的概述；上位机与下位机间通讯接口及通讯模式的选择；下位机硬件设计；步进电动机控制程序。 数控机床；数控；电动机Abstract CNC lathe called the numerical control (Numbercal control, referred to as NC) machine. It is based on the numerical control, has used the numerical control technology, is equipped with a programmable control system of machine tool. It is by the main engine, CNC, driving device, auxiliary device of numerical control machine, wherein the programming machine and other some ancillary equipment. The design includes the overall layout design of machine tool, the longitudinal feed design. Control system design includes the selection and the design of hardware circuit and software system of stepping motor, explained the chip expansion, the design of keyboard and display interface. The control system uses software interrupt control system structure and subroutine structure, because of simple structure, clear subroutine conditions in economical NC system application more. Interrupt structure was designed with modular structure, because the structure is convenient for modification and expansion, the establishment of more convenient, easy development direction to multiprocessor. In this paper, taking CK3225 NC machine tool as the research object, introduces the CK3225 numerical control machine tool design process of a master - slave control system. This design uses PC as upper machine, 8051 single chip microcomputer as the core of system as the lower computer, to print port