北京城市湖泊富营养化评估与分析[j].pdfVIP

J. Lake Sci.(湖泊科学), 2008, 20(3): 357-363 . E-mail: jlakes@ ©2008 by Journal of Lake Sciences 北京城市湖泊富营养化评价与分析∗ 荆红卫, 华 蕾, 孙成华, 郭 婧 (北京市环境保护监测中心, 北京 100044) 摘 要: 根据2006 年对北京市区不同功能重点湖泊水体进行的逐月监测, 采用综合营养状态指数法, 对湖泊富营养化现状进 行了评价. 结果表明, 水源湖泊目前处于中营养状态，但在夏秋季由于温度和光照等气象条件的影响, 可接近轻富营养; 重要 景观湖泊处于轻—中度富营养; 一般景观湖泊处于中度—重度富营养状态. 湖泊富营养程度随季节变化明显: 盛夏和初秋形 成高峰, 冬、春季最低, 总磷、总氮含量与叶绿素a 呈显著正相关关系, 尤其总磷与叶绿素a 的相关性更加显著. 由于城市排 水管网不健全, 雨污分流不彻底, 暴雨期大量溢流生活污水直接向湖泊补水河道中排放; 湖泊补水沿线降雨径流产生的非点 源污染较严重；加上污水处理厂再生水水质较差, 加重了补给湖泊富营养程度. 关键词: 北京; 城市湖泊; 富营养化 Analysis on urban lakes’ eutrophication status in Beijing JING Hongwei, HUA Lei, SUN Chenghua GUO Jing (Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100044, P.R.China) Abstract : Referring to the different water body function, the survey of water quality was carried out on major urban lakes of Beijing monthly in 2006. According to TLI method, the state was evaluated on the basis of measurement result: lakes of drinking water source were mesotropher; lakes of major landscape water were light-middle eutropher; lakes of ordinary landscape water were middle-hyper eutropher. The eutrophic characteristics and its changing trend were analyzed. The causes were analyzed. The measures and suggestions were expounded on different water body function for improving water quality and reducing eutrophication. Keywords: Beijing; urban lakes; eutrophication 2 2 北京市区共有大小湖泊30 余个, 水面面积约7.3km . 最大的是昆明湖, 面积1.94km . 湖泊水深一般 为 1.5-2m, 属于城市小型浅水湖泊. 绝大部分湖泊与河道相通, 汛期可防洪、排水, 大的水域可调节周围 小气候. 2001 年夏季北京市城市河湖爆发了大面积的蓝藻水华. 2005 年8 月底至9 月初, 昆明湖又出现了较 严重的水华现象, 营养级别为中度富营养, 叶绿素 a 含量高达 70.8mg/m3 4