金属铸造过程外文资料翻译.docVIP

英文资料 Metal-Casting Processes Abstract-Following a description of the fundamentals of solidification of metals in the preceding chapter and the roles of fluid flow and heat transfer in molds, we now describe in detail: Characteristics of expendable-mold and permanent-mold processes. Applications advantages, and limitations of common casting processes. Casting of single crystals. Inspection techniques for castings. Brief review of foundries and their automation. Typical products made by casting: engine blocks, crankshafts, hubcaps, power tools, turbine blades, plumbing, zipper teeth, dies and molds, gears, railroad wheels, propellers, office equipment, statues, and housings. Alternative processes: forging, powder metallurgy, machining, and fabrication. Introduction The first metal castings were made during the period from 4000 to 3000 B.C., using stone and metal molds for casting copper. Various casting processes have been developed over time, each with its own characteristics and applications (see also Fig. 1.7a), to meet specific engineering and service requirements (Table 11.1). A large variety of parts and components are made by casting, such as engine blocks, crankshafts, automotive components and power trains (Fig. 11.1), agricultural and railroad equipment, pipes and plumbing fixtures, power tools, gun barrels, frying pans, office equipment, and very large components for hydraulic turbines. Two trends have had a major impact on the casting industry .The first is the mechanization and automation of the casting process, which has led to significant changes in the use of equipment and labor. Advanced machinery and automated process-control systems have replaced traditional methods of casting. The second major trend has been the increasing demand for high-quality castings with close dimensional tolerances. This chapter is organized around the major classifications of casting practices (see Fig.Ⅱ.2 in the Introduction to Part Ⅱ). These classifications are related t