洪水的灾害与资源效应及其转化模式.pdfVIP

12 卷 1 期 自 　然 　灾 　害 　学 　报 Vol. 12 ,No. 1 2003 年 2 月 J OURNAL OF NA TURAL DISASTERS Feb. , 2003 文章编号 (2003) 01 0025 06 洪水的灾害与资源效应及其转化模式 1 ,2 3 1 3 张欧阳 ,许炯心 ,张红武 ,金德生 ( 1. 清华大学水利系 ,北京 100084 ;2. 长沙交通学院 河海工程系 ,湖南 长沙 410076 ; 3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101) 摘要 :从河流流量变化特性入手 ,讨论了流量变化所导致的洪水的灾害与资源效应及其特性。根据流 量变化的特点 ,提出了洪水灾害特性向资源特性转化的几种基本模式 ,通过“留”、“配”、“引”、“防”可 以减小洪水灾害的风险,使洪水灾害转化为洪水资源。 关键词 :洪水 ;灾害与资源效应 ;转化模式 中图分类号:P426. 616 　　　文献标识码 :A Flood hazards and resources effects and their intertransform mode ZHAN G Ouyang1 ,2 ,XU Jiongxin3 , ZHAN G Hongwu1 ,J IN Desheng3 ( 1. Department of Hydraulic Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijin g 100084 , China ;2. River and Sea Department , Changsha Communications University ,Changsha 410076 ,China ; 3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences ,Beijin g 100101 , China) Abstract : Flood is a natural phenomenon , which has the characteristics of hazards and resources , in relation to the variability of river discharge and the degree of socialeconomy at one site. When Q Qup , the flood , gener ally , exhibits its characteristics of flood hazards ; when Qup Q Qlow , generally , neither flooding nor drought hazards occur , and the river could supply enough water resources ; and when Q Qlow , the river could not sup ply adequate water resources to be used in the drainage basin so that the drought haz