极端干旱区尾闾湖生态需水估算-以东居延海为例.pdfVIP

中国科技论文在线 极端干旱区尾闾湖生态需水估算-以东居延 海为例# 张华，张兰* 5 （西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州 730070） 摘要：本文以东居延海为研究对象，利用遥感技术目视解译 ETM 影像，提取东居延海 2002-2012 年各月湖面面积。通过水文保证率法确定不同保证率下的湖面面积，结合额济纳 旗气象站观测的风速、相对湿度、气温、水汽压、降水量等气象数据估算湖泊蒸发耗水量和 10 湖泊降水补给量，结合湖泊渗漏系数估算湖泊渗漏量，最后运用水平衡原理构建湖泊生态需 水模型，估算了东居延海在湖面面积保证率为50%、75% 、95% 时各月月均和年均生态需水 3 3 3 量，其中年均生态需水量分别为1.7807×108 m 、1.5980×108 m 、1.0314×108 m ，约占莺落 峡年均径流量的9.66% 、8.66%、5.59%，约占正义峡年均径流量的16.27%、14.60%、9.42%， 约占狼心山年均径流量的30.81% 、27.65% 、17.84%。 15 关键词：东居延海；生态需水；湖面蒸发；渗漏量；ETM 影像 中图分类号：P942 Ecological water requirement estimation of the rump lake in region-take East Juyanhai as an example 20 ZHANG Hua, ZHANG Lan (College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070) Abstract : This paper regards East Juyanhai as a study area, the use of remote sensing technology visual interpreting ETM images, extracting the lake area of each month from 2002 to 2012. Determined 25 the lake area of different guarantee rates by hydrological guarantee rate method; combined with wind speed , relative humidity, air temperature, vapor pressure and precipitation meteorological data ,which come from Ejinaqi weather station, to estimate the evaporate water consumption and the precipitation recharge of East Juyanhai; combined with lake leakage coefficient estimate lake leakage; and finally, the lake ecological water requirement model was constructed using the water balance principle, to 30 c