基于PLC的起重机控制系统的设计说明书.docVIP

摘 要 桥式起重机是机械生产中最常用的一种起重机械，在生产过程中起着非常重要的作用。所以提高桥式起重机的运行效率，确保运作过程中的安全保障和降低生产成本是非常重要的。 传统的桥式起重机一般都是采用起重用绕线式交流异步电动机拖动。起升机构和运行机构上的电机一般都是采用转子串电阻调速方式。这种调速方式操作复杂，可靠性差，故障率高，且电能浪费大，效率低。随着近几年控制技术的飞速发展，我们可以针对桥式起重机控制系统中存在的上述问题，把可编程序控制器和变频器等技术应用到桥式起重机控制系统中。 本次设计主要讨论的是基于可编程序控制器（PLC）和变频器的桥式起重机控制系统的改进。并且阐述了PLC和变频器控制的基本原理。PLC系统采用西门子公司的S7-200，能控制起重机大车、小车的运行方向和速度，吊钩的升、降方向和速度，同时能检测各个电机故障现象。该设计主电路中改变电动机的工作状态主要由变频器来实现，在控制电路中实现桥式起重机的各种功能主要由PLC来实现。最后对可编程控制器进行软件设计，编制出安全可靠高效的控制程序。 Abstract Bridge crane is the mechanical production of the most commonly used as a hoisting machinery, plays a very important role in the process of production. So to improve the efficiency of bridge crane, ensure the security operation process and reduce cost of production is very important. Traditional bridge crane is used commonly on reuse of wound rotor asynchronous motor drag communication. Hoisting mechanism and operational mechanism on the motor rotor series resistance speed control mode is generally adopted. But this way of speed regulating operation complexity, poor reliability, failure rate is high, and the power waste, low efficiency. With the rapid development of control technology in recent years, we can according to the above problems existing in the bridge crane control system, the programmable controller and frequency converter is applied to the bridge crane control system, and has carried on the detailed?design. This design is mainly discussed the improvement of the programmable controller (PLC) and inverter bridge crane control system. And expounded the basic principles of PLC and frequency converter control. Adopting Siemens S7-200 PLC system, can control the crane cart, the direction and speed of the car, the ascending and descending direction and speed of the hook, at the same time can detect various motor fault phenomenon. In this design,Changing the working state of the motor in circuit mainly by the frequency converter device to realize.In the control circuit to achieve the functions of bridg