轻质陶粒混凝土作为一种燃油舱船舶的额外保护外文文献翻译英文原文.docVIP

14POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH, Special issue 2008 INTRODUCTION Concrete is one of the most commonly applied materials for building structures. It has achieved its popularity due to speci?c properties which allow for its very wide application. The concrete applied directly in situ , the so called ‘fresh concrete’ is characterized by a high plasticity and workability, that makes it possible to form building structures almost without any limits. The concrete formed in the structure hardens very fast due to its hydratation processes, that gives appropriate strength and durability to building objects. A relatively simple way of concrete manufacturing, accessibility of its components, as well as wide range of its applications conditioned by many kinds of the material, have resulted in that the concrete is the most frequently used material for building structures. Such situation entails fast development of concrete technology. Many reserach projects aimed at improvement and modi?cation of basic features of concrete are carried out worldwide. This is a material which continuously undergoes evolution, trying to cope with more and more sophisticated architectural requirements. Concrete is a composite which is mainly formed of three components: binder, aggregate and water. Chemical admixtures and mineral additives, cut steel wires, natural and arti?cial ?bres are also applied to it. After mixing the components together, a concrete mixture is obtained in the form of a viscous – plastic – solid body which is transformed into a solid body changing its features during further hardening (curing) process. The components of concrete of many types and classes can be found, that makes it possible to get mixtures of very different features and applications. The features can be additionally modi?ed by introducing chemical admixtures and mineral additives. The so produced concrete is capable of transferring very large structural loads (high strength concretes)