用氧化物粉末制NTC热敏电阻的微观结构与导电性能的关系外文文献翻译英文原文.docVIP

JournaloftheEuropeanCeramicSociety19(1999)857±860 #1999ElsevierScienceLimited PrintedinGreatBritain.Allrightsreserved 0955-2219/99/$-seefrontmatter PII: S0955-2219(98)00331-8 CorrelationbetweenMicrostructureand ConductanceinNTCThermistorsProduced fromOxidePowders G.D.C.CsetedeGyorgyfalva,*A.N.NolteandI.M.Reaney DepartmentofEngineeringMaterials,SirRobertHad?eldBuilding,UniversityofShe?eld,She?eld,S13JD,UK Abstract peratureinKelvin)whichisameasureofthesensi- tivityofthedeviceoveragiventemperaturerange: Adetailedstudyofspinel-structuredNi1 xMn2+xO4 formedbyamixedoxideroutehasshownthatwhen x0ahighproportionofNiOisresidualinthesin- tered ceramic. Wickham (Wickham, D. G., Solid phase equilibria in the system NiO±Mn2O3±O2. J. Inorg. Chem., 1964, 26, 1369±1377) demonstrated that the spinel phase decomposes in air above 900C. Sintering in this system is usually per- formed around 1200C. Decomposition of the spi- nel phase is therefore inevitable. The e?ect of decomposition on the microstructure and electrical   T1T2 R R 1 2 B?T2 T1 ln ?1? Theexactmodeofconductioninnickelmanga- nite is poorly understood, but several models invoke the small polaron theory.1,2 Small polaron conductionissometimesreferredtoasa`hopping mechanism, as it involves the transfer of polarisa- tion from one cation to another. In the nickel properties of Ni discussed. # 1999 Elsevier Science Limited. All rightsreserved Mn2+xO4 based ceramics is manganite system, it has been postulated that the mixed valence, Mn4+, Mn3+ cations present on theoctahedralsitesgiverisetothesesmallpolaron pathways.1 The octahedral cations in the spinel 1 x Keywords: microstructure, electrical conductivity, spinels,thermistors. structure lie in chains along some 110 direc- tions. These vectors represent the smallest inter- cationicdistanceswithintheunitcell. Another important parameter when considering applications for Ni Mn2+xO4 ceramics is their thermal stability or aging characteristics (changes in condu