生物技术时代中的.pptVIP

发酵工程 What are Microorganisms? Virus 病毒） Non-cell microbes Bacteria 细菌） Archaea 远古细菌） Algae 藻类） Fungi 真菌:酵母、霉菌） Protozoa 原生动物） Microorganisms are free-living cells What are Prokaryotes? Prokaryotes: Bacteria 细菌 Archaea 远古细菌 Actinomycetes 放线菌 Mycoplasma 支原体 Rickettsia 立克氏体 Chlamydia 衣原体 Cyanobacteria 篮细菌 What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? Algae Fungi Slime molds Protozoa Prokaryotic and eukatyptic cells Virus: Virus, Viroids and Prions Is Microbiology Useful? Yes! As a basic biological science, the most accessible research tools for probing the nature of life processes As an applied biological science, many large scale industrial processes are microbially based: BIOTECHNOLOGY Products from Microorganisms Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Many high-value-added peptide drugs are produced by genetically engineered micro-organisms: Blood proteins Erythropoietin, Factors VII, VIII, IX Human hormones Epidermal growth factor, Human growth hormone, Insulin, Nerve growth factor Immune modulators a-Interferon, b-Interferon Vaccines Hepatitis B, Measles, Rabies Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms 1. Small volume, large surface area 2. Fast absorption and conversion 3. Rapid duplication and growth 4. Strong adaptability 5. Widespread distribution and diversified species Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms 2. Fast absorption and conversion For example: 5 g/l of bacteria cell dry weight Azotobacter vinelandii UWD can consumed 10 g/l of glucose to double its weight to 10 g/l within less than 5 h. Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms 3. Rapid duplication and growth An Echerische coli 大肠杆菌）cell can double itself within 15 minutes, it also means its weight increases one fold within 15 minutes. Five Common Characteristics of Microorganisms 4. Strong adaptability Adapt to extrem environment, such as high salt concentration, high temperature, a