文献—2.4 GHz无线传感器系统在室外视线通道信号传播的优化.docVIP

附录 附录Ⅰ Optimizing Signal Propagation for 2.4 GHz In-field WSN Systems over Outdoor Line-of-Sight Channels INTRODUCTION The current state-of-the-art wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is a promising solution for remote, large-scale, real-time, and continuous environmental data acquisition [1,2]. It offers the advantages of simplified wiring and harnessing thus has particular benefits for agricultural applications such as field physical property monitoring. Successful WSN implementations have already demonstrated improved precision agricultural management and operation in a real-time fashion and continue to progress [3-6]. ZigBee technology is a low cost and low power consumption solution for WSN applications which need long battery lives but does not require high data transfer rates [7]. Four physical layers (PHYs) in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands were specified for the low-rate wireless personal area networks (IEEE 802.15.4/LR-WPANs) in which three of them were in the 868/915MHz bands and one in the 2.4GHz band [8]. Advantages of using 2.4GHz high frequency band include 250kbps data rate compared to 20kbps or 40kbps of using 868MHz or 915MHz bands, usability of small size antennas, frequency reuse, and low power consumption. However, the low frequency bands achieve longer signal propagation range and larger cover area due to receiver sensitivity reached -92dBm for 868/915MHz bands at lower data rate compared to -85dBm for 2.4GHz band [9]. Quantified relationships between path-loss and the impact factors during data transmission and radio propagation coverage will be useful to design and deploy a reliable, high-performance WSN. However, research on radio performance as affected by agricultural configuration and environment was limited and no standard tests were available. This research aimed to carry out quantitative studies on the effects of the pass-loss introduced by various system configurations and vegetations including