快速自动机器人人平台外文翻译.docVIP

机械专业外语文献翻译 系 别 机电工程系 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级 学生姓名 学 号 日 期 2.2.5 Vector fields A vector-field is essentially a 2-Dimentional field with vectors. A vector consists of magnitude and angle, which represent importance or speed and demanded heading angle respectively. The magnitude interpretation as a an importance is useful when vector fields are combined by addition of each vector. The more important vector is longer, and therefore the resulting heading angle will be more into the direction of the more important vector. Some vector field generators, such as basic potential field methods, are not concerned about the magnitude. In this case the magnitude is often normalized. 2.2.5.1 Potential fields The theory of potential fields as trajectories is derived from an electrical field of a sphere in physics. The ormulae for an attractive field is as follows: where is a vector from the origin to the target position is a vector from the origin to the robot is the resultant vector with normalized length, indicating the direction of the field at the robots current position. The resultant is pointing towards the target. The attractive potential field is therefore related to line of sight guidance. A repulsive field is generating vectors pointing away from T. The formulae is Fig 6: attractive potential field Figure 6 shows a attractive potential field with a target point at T(0,0) . In an application usually only the vector at the current position of the robot is calculated, for demonstration graphs such as Figure 6 the robot is assumed to be in every possible position in the field, and therefore generating the vectors at each point. 2.2.5.2 Limit cycle based vector fields Limit cycles are part of nonlinear control theory. However the properties of a graph representing a l