多寡头竞争的博弈模型毕业论文.doc

多寡头竞争的Stackelberg博弈模型研究 A RESEARCH ABOUT STACKELBERG GAME MODEL OF THE MULTIPLE OLIGOPOLISTIC COMPETITION 摘 要 寡头竞争问题是经济学市场理论的一个非常重要的课题，比较经典的寡头模型就是传统的双寡头的古诺模型和斯坦克伯格模型，也是博弈论中最早的研究对象。但在现实生活中，寡头竞争问题就不再是简单的双寡头模型，更多的是多个寡头同时存在。这就有必要建立多寡头模型，分析寡头之间的博弈情况以及利润情况，找出寡头数目对寡头行为的影响，并得出其各自的纳什均衡解。 本文就古诺模型和斯坦克伯格模型两个模型在多寡头竞争的情况下，分别从一个领导者多个追随者和多个领导者、多个追随者的角度来研究，建立模型。与古诺模型作比较，指出寡头数目变化下的寡头的利润决策。除此之外，并对不完全信息下的双寡头斯坦克伯格博弈模型进行分析和研究，得出斯坦克伯格模型中的领导者为了拥有先动优势，需要付出一定的代价。并加入案例分析，来验证结论。 关键词：古诺模型； 斯坦克伯格模型； 纳什均衡； 先动优势 ABSTRACT The problem of oligopolistic competition is a very important topic in the market theory of economic, the classic oligopoly model include the traditional model of Cournot duopoly model and Stackelberg duopoly model, it is also the earliest research object in the theory of game. But in real life, the problem of oligopolistic competition is no longer a simple duopoly model, there are the most oligarchs which join a game. It is necessary to establish a model of the oligarchs, analyzing the profits of the oligarchs, and finding out the influence of the number of oligarch to the behavior of oligarch, then their respective Nash equilibrium are obtained. In this paper, the Cournot model and Stackelberg model are the model of more oligarchs, respectively from a model about a leader and multiple followers and another model about multiple leaders and multiple followers to establish model. Comparing to Cournot model, pointing out the profits of oligarch on the change of the number of oligarch. Beyond that, analyzing and studying the model of duopoly Stackelberg under the incomplete information, it is concluded that the leader of model of Stackelberg have the first-mover advantages and need to pay a price. And join a case to verify the conclusion. Key words: Cournot model; Stackelberg model; Nash equilibrium; pioneer advantage 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 相关文献对斯坦克伯格博弈模型的研究 1 1.2 本论文的研究内容 1 1.3 本论文的研究目的 1 2 博弈论的相关知识 3 2.1 博弈论的基本概念 3 2.2 博弈论的成长历程 3 2.3 博弈的类型、要素和概念 5 3 纳什均衡理论 6 3.1 纳什均衡的概念