回乡,还是进城——中国农民外出劳动力回流的研究(英文).pdfVIP

Returning to the Countryside versus Continuing to Work in the Cities: A Study on Rural Urban Migrants and Their Return to the Countryside of China Bai Nansheng * and He Yup eng * 自1980年代后期以来，中国农民的大规模跨区流动即“民工潮”日渐成为令人瞩目的社会 现象。到了1990年代中期，正当 “民工潮”汹涌澎湃之时，有人指出 “民工潮”的发展已 带动了农民工回乡 “创业”的到来。这在学术界和政策界引起了农村劳动力流动方向的讨论。 即：在中国经济进入全面结构调整的背景下，农民是选择继续进城打工还是回乡创业。讨论的 重要性在于，农民究竟会选择什么样的就业环境与就业方式。本文对回流现象在社会经济学框 架内进行了研究，分析了过去20年的发展趋势。文章还根据安徽和四川两省的抽样调查数据讨 论了回乡农民工的特征。初步的观察表明，在中国现阶段，农村劳动力外出仍是解决农民就业 和农户收入增长的主要途径。 I . Introduction return to the countryside to start up their own businesses? The significance of the debate From the late 1980s onward, the large- consists in what Chinese farmers actually scale interregional migration of Chinese prefer in choosing their j ob environment and farmers, known as the “tide of rural-urban mode of employment. migrants,” has b ecome an increasingly Clearly, absorbing China’s surplus rural con spicuous social phenomenon. By mid- labor is a crucial question in the current 1990s, when the tide was still surging, some employment policy. Since the mid-1990s, as observers pointed out that it had led to some the migration of rural labor gradually gave migrants returning to their hometown s to rise to a surging tide of rural migrants trying “start up” their own bu sinesses. A lively to find j obs in the cities, the restructuring of discu ssion ensued about the direction of the econ omy c au sed the layin g-off or migration of rural labor in academic circles unemployment of a large number of workers and among people concerned with policy in state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This issues . The crux of the question is: as the situation abruptly increased tension in urban Chin es e e c onom y b eg in s a st ag e o f employment. On the other hand, incre