无线传感网络节点定位技术研究设计.docVIP

无线传感网络节点定位技术研究 摘 要 节点定位技术是无线传感器网络的主要支撑技术之一，节点自身的正确定位是提供监测事件位置信息的前提。节点定位问题即根据少数己知位置的节点，按照某种定位机制确定自身的位置。只有在节点自身正确定位之后，才能确定传感器节点监测到的事件的具体位置，这需要监测到该事件的多个传感器节点之间相互协作，并利用他们自身的定位机制确定事件发生的位置。目前现有的无线传感器网络节点定位算法普遍存在有测距方法受环境影响大、算法复杂度高能耗大、 不适用于移动节点定位等问题，总体可以归结为一点——算法实用性差。随着无线传感器网络技术的不断进步成熟，其应用将会越来越广泛，实用化的节点定位技术研究对于传感器网络技术性能提高和实用性保证有重要的理论意义和应用价值。 关键字：无线传感器网络，节点定位，实用性，定位算法 Wireless sensor network node location technology research ABSTRACT Node localization technology is one of the main support technology of wireless sensor network, the nodes own correct positioning is the premise to provide location information monitoring events.Node localization problem is based on a few known location of the nodes, according to a positioning mechanism to determine its own position.Only after the node itself correct positioning, can determine the sensor nodes to detect the location of the event, this need to detect the events of collaboration between multiple sensor nodes, and to use their own positioning mechanism that determines the location of the incident.The existing wireless sensor network node localization algorithm exists generally have ranging method is influenced by environment, algorithm complexity, high energy consumption,do not apply to the mobile node localization problems, such as general can be summed up in a little - practical difference algorithm.Along with the advance of wireless sensor network technology mature, the application will be more and more widely, practical node positioning technology research performance improvement and practical guarantee for sensor network technology has important theoretical significance and application value. KEY WORDS：wireless sensor network，node localization, practical, localization algorithm 绪 论 课题的研究背景 无线传感器网络的定位技术，按照被定位对象的不同分为两种：一是传感器节点的自身定位，二是对目标信号源的定位。 传感器节点的自身定位，是传感器网络一切应用的基础和前提。通常来说，最简单的定位方式，就是为每一个传感器节点都装上 GPS 定位芯片[2]。但由于传感器节点受到设计功耗和成本的限制，相对昂贵的 GPS 芯片价格使得实现该方式并不现实。因此，现有的节点自定位技术，都是从少量已知自身