氨基酸及衍生物生物技术生产.pdfVIP

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2005) 69: 1–8 DOI 10.1007/s00253-005-0155-y MINI-REVIEW Wolfgang Leuchtenberger . Klaus Huthmacher . Karlheinz Drauz Biotechnological production of amino acids and derivatives: current status and prospects Received: 13 June 2005 / Revised: 22 August 2005 / Accepted: 29 August 2005 / Published online: 30 September 2005 # Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract For almost 50 years now, biotechnological pro- extremely important and of great interest for the chemical duction processes have been used for industrial production industry (Leuchtenberger 1996). Of the 20 standard protein of amino acids. Market development has been particularly amino acids, the 9 essential amino acids-L-valine, L-leucine, dynamic for the flavor-enhancer glutamate and the animal L-isoleucine, L-lysine, L-threonine, L-methionine, L-histi- feed amino acids L-lysine, L-threonine, and L-tryptophan, dine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan occupy a key which are produced by fermentation processes using high- position in that they are not synthesized in animals and performance strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and humans but must be ingested with feed or food. Escherichia coli from sugar sources such as molasses, su- In terms of market volume, development over the last 20 crose, or glucose. But the market for amino acids in syn- years has been tremendously bullish in the so-called feed thesis is also becoming increasingly important, with annual amino acids L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, and L- growth rates of 5–7%. The use of enzymes and whole cell tryptophan, which constitute the largest share (56%) of the biocatalysts has proven particularly valuable in production total amino acid market, estimated in 2004 at approxi- of both proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic L-amino acids,