【语法讲解】 Module 2 Fantasy Literature第四课时经 典考点 外研版高中选修6.docVIP

【语法讲解】 Module 2 Fantasy Literature第四课时经典考点 动名词作状语 动名词作状语的用法 表示原因，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句，多放于句首。 Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.(=As we were so poor…) 那时我们那样穷，我们没有能力送孩子上医院。 Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.(=As we didn’t know her address,…) 由于不知道她的地址，我们没法和她联系。 【点金】如果v.-ing形式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就需要完成时。 Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. 由于没有接到回信，他决定给他们再写一封信。 用作时间状语时，相当于一个时间状语从句，多放在句子前部。 Turing around, she saw an ambulance driving up. (=When she turned around,…) 她转过身时，看见一辆救护车开了过来。 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 听了这个消息，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 【点金】如果v.-ing形式表示的动作完成了之后，谓语动词表示的动作才发生，需要用完成形式。 Having watered (= After they had watered) the vegetables, they began to weed the sweet potatoes plots. 他们浇过菜地之后，就到红薯地锄草。 作伴随状语，表示助于正在进行的另一个动作，和谓语动作或状态是同时发生的，一般放在句子后部。 They sat facing each other. 他们面对面地坐着。 They ran out, talking and laughing. 他们说着笑着跑出去。 表示结果状语。通常放在句子后面。 The bus stopped suddenly, thus causing the delay. 汽车突然停运，因此耽搁了。 Her husband died last year, leaving five children with her. 去年她丈夫去世了，给她丢下了五个孩子。 作让步状语。 Working hard at English, I failed in the exam. (=Though I worked hard at English…) 虽然我努力学英语，但考试还是没有及格。 作方式状语 He was talking all the whiles as if talking to himself. (=as if he were talking to himself) 他说个不停，好像是自言自语似的。 当谓语动词的动作与分词所表示的动作同时进行时，作状语用的分词一般要加上when, while等连词。 When crossing the street, he was knocked down by a speeding car. (When he was crossing the street…) 他过街时被一辆跑车撞到了。 2.v.-ing形式作状语的时态与语态 （1）v.-ing形式的一般式通常表示与句中谓语同时发生的动作或状态。 Walking in the street, I met with an old friend of mine. (When I was walking in the street…) 走在街上，我遇到了我的一位老朋友。 （2）v.-ing形式的完成式（having +过去分词）作状语，表示其动作发生在句中谓语动作之前。 Having finished the work, we had a rest.(=After we had finished the work…) 完成了这项工作之后，我们休息了一下。 （3）v.-ing形式的被动式（being+过去分词）表示与它的逻辑主语是动宾关系。 Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks even more beautiful.(=when it is seen from the top o