科研论文写作20步英文.pdfVIP

TWENTY STEPS TO WRITING A RESEARCH ARTICLE Beth A. Fischer and Michael J. Zigmond Survival Skills and Ethics Program University of Pittsburgh The process of moving from idea to published manuscript can be a daunting one. Here we break that process into a series of steps designed make this essential task more manageable. 1 If 20 steps is too much to manage, focus on the 13 steps that we have marked with an asterisk (*) – these cannot be skipped! 1. Determine the authors When designing a research project, we recommend preparing an initial list and order of authors. Such a list authors should be based on established guidelines2 and should make explicit the estimated contribution of each individual to the project. A list of authors will ensure that all individuals to be involved in the project understand at the outset whether or not they can expect to be an author and, if so, who their contribution is to be. It should be viewed as a tentative list, as the final version should reflect actual contributions to the work. (Also, there may also be more than one list as it might be anticipated that more than one paper will derive from a given project.) 2. Start writing before the experimental are complete Starting writing while you are still doing the experiments. Writing often evokes new ideas: you may realize that there are additional experiments to run or additional controls that you need to add. If you wait until you are done in the lab, have dismantled the equipment, and possibly moved on to another position, you will not have the opportunity to test these ideas. 3. Decide