机械制造专业外文翻译--机床基础.docVIP

外文原文： Fundamentals of Machine Tools In many cases products from the primary forming processes must undergo further refinements in size and surface finish to meet their design specifications.To meet such precise tolerance the removal of small amounts of material is needed.Usually machine tools are used for such operation. In the United States material removal is a big business—in excess of ＄36×109 per year,including material,labor,overhead,and machine-tools shipments,is spent.Since 60 percent of the machanical and industrial engineering and technology graduate have something connection with the machining industry either through sale,design,or operation of machine shops,or working in related industry,it is wise for an engineering student to devote some time in his curriculum to studying material removal and machine tools. A machine tool provide the means for cutting tools to shape a workpiece to required dimensions;the machine supports the tool and the workpiece in a controlled relationship through the functioning of its basic members,which are as follows: (a)Bed,Structure or Frame.This is the main member which provides a basis for,and a connection between,the spindles and slides;the distorion and vibration under load must be kept to a minimum. (b)Slides and Slideways.The translation of a machine element(e.g. the slide) is normally achieved by straight-line motion under the constraint of accurate guiding surface(the slideways). (c)Spindles and Bearings.Angular displacement take place about an axis of rotation;the position of this axis must be constant within extremely fine limits in machine tools,and is ensured by the provision of precision spindles and bearings. (d)Power Unit.The electric motor is the universally adopted power unit for machine tools.By suitably positioning individual motors,belt and gear transmissions and reduced to a minimum. (e)Transmission Linkage.Linkage is the general term used to denote the mechanical,hydraulic,pneumatic or ele