公共环境专业外文翻译--当地环境的控制与公共机构的挤出效应-决定公共空间拥挤的外部社会成本.docVIP

外文原文： Determining the External Social Costs of Public Space Crowding Author(s): Roberts, Russell D Nationality: US Source: Political Economy Working Papers, no. 137 Abstract：This paper uses simple models of private and public behavior to model the relationship between public and private spending on public goods. The standard discussion of the relationship between public and private spending assumes that public spending is exogenous. When public spending is exogenous, each dollar of public spending reduces private spending by a dollar, unless public spending is large enough to drive donors to a corner solution. When government decision-making is endogenous, responding to the preferences of citizens, the observed relationship between public and private spending is never dollar-for-dollar, nor does government have to push citizens to a corner solution in order to have real effects. The relationship between public and private spending depends in predictable ways on the structure of preferences, the degree of heterogeneity among citizens, the flexibility of taxation, and the motivation for the increase in government spending. I. INTRODUCTION The effect of an increase in government spending on private spending is a central theoretical and empirical question in macroeconomics and public finance. What is the effect of public borrowing on private investment? What is the effect of government housing on private housing ?What is the effect of food stamp expenditure on private food consumption? What is the effect of social security spending on private saving? What is the effect of government welfare programs on private charity? The standard theoretical answer to these questions is that government will either reduce private spending or leave it unchanged—the case of neutrality. These analyses almost always assume the increase in government spending is random or exogenous. This paper studies the interaction between public and private spending on public goods when government is end