十三、冻土地区活动断裂的灾害效应.pdfVIP

十三、冻土地区活动断裂的灾害效应 青藏铁路横穿处于强构造活动区和高寒环境的青藏高原，断裂活动与冻土融冻相互耦 合，产生特有的地质灾害，称为断裂诱发地质灾害，包括断裂蠕滑变形、不均匀融冻变形、 夏季线性排列的泉水群、冬季串珠状斜列冰丘、构造裂缝等灾害类型。沿部分断裂破碎带， 由于断裂活动、桥梁施工及火车震动，还诱发位置随时间发生变化的移动冰丘。在青藏高原 岛状冻土带和常年冻土地区，沿活动断裂发育特殊的热结构和丰富的地下水；断裂活动—地 下水运动—不均匀冻胀相互耦合，能够产生显著的灾害效应，导致路基变形、路面破裂、桥 梁破坏和涵管拱曲，威胁铁路、公路、输油管道等线路工程安全（吴珍汉等，2003d ，2004 ， 2005 ；Wu et al., 2004 ）。 PART 13 GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS POSED BY ACTIVE FAULT IN THE PERMAFROST NORTH TIBETAN PLATEAU The Golmud-Lhasa Railway goes across the Tibetan Plateau characterized by intensely tectonic activity and severe cold climate. The coupling among active faulting, underground water flow and feeezing-thawing may result in variety of geological hazards including seismic fracturing, creep deformation, inhomogeneous freezing and thawing, surface fracture, pingo and migrating pingo. These geological hazards together with earthquake threaten the safety of railway, highway, oil-pipeline and other engineering facilities as bridges, culverts and buildings (Wu et al., 2003d, 2004, 2005). 图164 两道河兵站南侧沿活动断裂发育的泉水群与泉华台地 （镜头向东，摄于2001 年7 月） Fig.164 View eastward in July of 2001 at hotspring ponds in linear distribution along active fault in south of Liangdaohe Station of the Golmud-Lhasa Highway 典尚设计-路桥效果图、三维动画 图165 沱沱河断陷盆地钻探剖面与低温温泉群 Fig.165 Cross section from Tuotuohe to Kaixinling and freezing hotsprings in winter along Tuotuohe active fault 典尚设计-路桥效果图、三维动画 图166 温泉盆地东侧沿主边界断裂线性分布的泉水群 （镜头向南东，摄于2002 年2 月） Fig.166 View southeastward in February of 2002 at freezing springs in linear distribution along east boundary fault of the Wenquan graben 图167 头二九断裂线性分布的冰丘群 （镜头向北，摄于2002 年2 月） Fig.167 View