定语从句的缩略方式.pptVIP

定语从句的缩略方式 江西省乐平中学 聂小涛 2012.11 * 1、 缩略为分词短语 有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的 关系代词（who, which,例如： I know the men(who are )sitting in that car.(IME 2) The boys helped the people (that were )hurt in the accident. ( ib ) . 3) The problem (which is) bothering everybody is the lack of money. (ib) 4) The book (that has been) given to him is an English novel.(NEC)语小说。 有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词 为这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略 时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。 例如： 5) The man who owns that car will be fined for 　illegal parking →The man owning that car will be fined for illegal parking . 6) Bill, who had taken chemistry in high school , offered to help him . → Bill, having taken chemistry in high school , offered to help him. 7) Now, however, the furniture which they are carrying down to the truck feels very heavy. →Now, however, the furniture being carried down to the truck feels very heavy. 2、缩略为形容词短语 若定词从句为主体表结构，且表语由形容短词充当， 可直接略去作主词的关系代词和连系动词，从而使 定词从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语。 例如： The men (who were ) responsible for the administration of the school refused to consider the matter . 2).We said goodbye to Mrs. Long, (who was) still busy at her chores. 3).The puppy, (which was) too excited to be calmed , barked furiously. 3．缩略为名词短语 由名词短语作表语的非限制性定语从句略去作 主语的关系代词和连系动词便成为名词短语作同位语。 例如： 1）The company commander, (who was) Captain Madison, assembled his men and announced  their mission. 连长,墨迪逊上尉,把战士们集合起来宣布他们的 战斗任务。 2）You should have a talk with Mr. Worth , (who is )the adviser to students. 你应该和沃斯先生-学生顾问谈一谈。 3) We finally reached Rio, (which was) the end or our journey. 4．缩略为介词短语 若定语从句为主系表句型，且表语为介语短语，可略去 主语关系代词和连系动词，使之缩略为介词短语作 后置定语。 此外，若定语从句中含“有”动词（has, have, had）， 用介词with / without 取替定语从句中主语关系代词 和“有”动词，使定语从句缩略为介词 with / without 短语作后置定语。With 适用于肯定的定语从句； without 适用于否定的定语从句。 例如:He spoke to the girl (who was) from New York *