ANSWERSTOCONCEPTQUIZES：解答概念测验.docVIP

ANSWERS TO TEST YOURSELF CHAPTER 1 Defining Abnormality (p. 9) The continuum model of normality suggests that all behavior falls along a continuum from normal to abnormal and that we make subjective judgments of where to draw the line between normality and abnormality. Cultural relativism is a perspective on abnormality that argues that the norms of a society must be used to determine the normality or abnormality of a behavior. While this criterion recognizes cultural values and the fact that abnormality is always influenced by those values, cultural norms also can be used to discriminate against nonconforming people by labeling them as abnormal. The unusualness criterion for abnormality suggests that unusual or rare behaviors should be labeled abnormal. A major advantage of this criterion is that only rare behaviors are labeled abnormal. Major disadvantages are that cutoffs for rareness are arbitrary and that positive rare behaviors are not labeled abnormal. The distress criterion for abnormality suggests that only behaviors or emotions that an individual finds distressing should be labeled abnormal. This criterion acknowledges the importance of the subjective experience of the individual. However, not all people who are engaging in behaviors that might harm others or themselves are discomforted by these behaviors. The mental illness criterion for abnormality suggests that only behaviors resulting from mental illness are abnormal. Although this criterion appears objective, we have no biological tests to indicate illness in people with abnormal behaviors; instead our judgments are always based on subjective symptoms. The four Ds of abnormality are dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness. Apply It: c. Henry’s behaviors violate norms for the culture in which he lives (and most cultures) and are deviant, and he has been diagnosed with mental disorders. He does not seem distressed by his behavior, however. Historical Perspectives on Abnormality (p. 16) The b