市售烟支微生物检测与分析研究.docVIP

市售烟支微生物的检测与分析的研究* 许喜林1, 谢欣，王锐亮2,尚宇 （1 华南理工大学轻工与食品学院，广州 510640； 2福建中烟工业有限责任公司，厦门361012） 摘要：以价格、产地等因素为指标对市售香烟进行抽样调查，使用PCA、PDA、高盐察氏、虎红、DG18等培养基对所选10种品牌烟支样品进行微生物检测。结果表明，市售香烟中细菌含量约90.02%~92.38%，酵母菌含量约7.62%~9.96%，而霉菌含量只占微生物总量0~0.02%。通过对不同价格烟支对比发现，在低端至中端价格区间内，烟支的细菌及酵母菌数量随价格的增加而下降；高端烟支中微生物数量比中端烟支多，可能的原因是烟叶通过微生物的发酵作用时引入。对不同产地烟支对比分析发现，不同地区烟支中微生物种群和数量均有较大差异。 关键词：烟支；微生物；检测 Study on the Detection and Analysis of Microorganism in Commercially Available Cigarettes Xi-Lin XU1, Xin XIE, Rui-Liang WANG 2, Yu SHANG, (1.College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China；2.China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co.,LTD,Xiamen 361012) Abstract:The study sampled the commercially available cigarettes by using price and production area as the indicators. The microorganisms of 10 kinds of cigarettes were detected with PCA Medium, PDA Medium, Salt Czapek Dox Medium, Rose-Begeal Medium and DG18 Medium. The results showed that the bacteria content was nearly 90.02%~92.38% and the yeast content was about 7.62%~9.96% while the mould was only 0~0.02% in microorganisms of cigarettes. By the comparison with different price cigarettes, it was found that within the low-end and midrange cigarette, the content of bacteria and yeast dropped as the price roses, however, the bacteria and yeast content in high-end products are higher than the midrange ones which may be result from the fermentation of microorganism in the high range tobacco. By the comparison with different production areas, we found that both the population and amount varied in different areas. Key words: Cigarette; Microorganisms; Detection 烟草是重要的嗜好品，其质量好坏对吸食者有一定的影响。收获后的烟叶在被加工成烟支商品前必须经过初烤、复烤、储藏、发酵和陈化等过程[1]。由于烟叶吸湿性强，含有微生物生长所需营养物质[2-3]，如葡萄糖、蛋白质、有机酸、叶绿素、胡萝卜素、烟碱等，因此烟叶在加工、贮运、烟厂生产和烟制品销售等环节中，极易滋生各种微生物而发生霉变。Reid[4]和English等[5]的研究发现,在潮湿、高温或无氧等条件下进行发酵, 烟叶中的微生物主要是霉菌, 霉菌的生长繁殖造成烟叶腐烂和香气的损失。 近年来我国烟草产业发展较快，烟叶、卷烟贮藏的规模和数量越来越大，贮藏时间也相 应延长。然而，由于管理和设备等原因，烟叶在贮藏及卷烟在流通过程中遭受霉菌的侵害，发生霉变。据报道烟草行业每年因烟叶霉变造成的