植物一氧化氮生物学与研究进展.pdfVIP

植物学通报 2005, 22 (6): 723~737 Chinese Bulletin of Botany 专题介绍 植物一氧化氮生物学的研究进展① 1 2 ② 程红焱 宋松泉 1 ( 中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093) 2 ( 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 云南勐腊 666303) 摘要 一氧化氮 (NO) 是植物中的一种关键的信号分子。在植物中, NO 的潜在来源包括一氧化氮合 成酶、硝酸还原酶、黄嘌呤氧化还原酶和非酶促途径。NO 能促进植物生长, 延缓叶片、花和果实衰 老, 促进休眠和需光种子的萌发, 能与植物激素相互作用调节气孔运动, 诱导程序性细胞死亡和防御相 关基因的表达, 并在逆境中作为一种抗氧化剂起作用。 NO 的细胞内信号反应包括环鸟苷酸、环腺苷二 磷酸核糖的产生和细胞质Ca2+浓度的增加, 其信号转导途径及其生物化学和细胞学本质还不十分清楚。 关键词 一氧化氮, 生物合成, 生长与发育, 植物激素, 程序性细胞死亡, 胁迫, 信号转导 Advances in Nitric Oxide Biology of Plants 1CHENG Hong-Yan 2 SONG Song-Quan② 1 (Institute of Botany , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093) 2 (Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303) Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in plants. The potential sources of NO in plants include nitric oxide synthase, nitrate reductase, xanthine oxidoreductase and the nonen- zymatic pathway. NO can enhance plant growth; delay senescence of leaves, flowers and fruits; stimulate germination of seeds that are dormancy and/or light-requiring seeds for germination; and interact with phytohormones to mediate stomatal movement. Programmed cell death and expression of defence-related genes can also be induced by NO. NO can serve an antioxidant function during various stresses. Intracellular signaling responses to NO involve generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cyclic ADP-ribose and elevation of cytosolic calcium, but the knowledge of the NO signal transduction pathway and its biochemical and cellular nature is yet to be revealed. Key words Nitric oxide, Nitric oxide biosynthesis, Growth and development, Phytohormone, Programmed cell death, Stress, Signaling transduction 一氧化氮 (nitric oxide, NO) 是一种具有水 一种在植物中普遍存在的关键信号分子 溶性和脂溶性的气体小分子, 近年来被认为是 (Durner and Kle