近代物理实验氘氢原子核质量比的测算江宇复旦大学材料科学系08300300047.pdfVIP

杩戜唬鐗╃悊瀹為獙锛氭皹姘㈠師瀛愭牳璐ㄩ噺姣旂殑娴嬬畻 姹熷畤 澶嶆棪澶у鏉愭枡绉戝绯 08300300047 姘樻阿鍘熷瓙鏍歌川閲忔瘮鐨勬祴绠 姹熷畤 澶嶆棪澶у鏉愭枡绉戝绯 08300300047 Abstract Hydrogen(H) and deuterium(D) are isotopes. The atomic emission spectrometry(AES) result sh ows the difference between them. The difference is called 鈥淚solope Shift鈥? According to Bohr鈥檚 thoery, the 鈥淚solope Shift鈥 is caused by the difference of nuclear mass between HD. This suggests a plan to work out the ratio of 饊亐 to 饊€ 饊亐 by analysing the spectrum. The final result is 1.980:1 with the experimental error of 0.70%. This confirms the 饊€ existence of deuterium. Finally, some other methods were compared to show how the error was weakened. 鎽樿 瀹為獙鍒╃敤璋辩嚎涓殑鍚屼綅绱犱綅绉绘祴瀹氭皹銆佹阿鍘熷瓙鏍歌川閲忔瘮銆傚浜庢阿銆佹皹鍘熷瓙锛岄噷寰蜂集甯告暟 涓殑璐ㄩ噺瑕佺敤鎶樺悎璐ㄩ噺琛ㄧず銆傚洜璋辩嚎浣嶇疆鍙互鐢辨姌鍚堣川閲忛娴嬶紝閭ｇ敱璋辩嚎浣嶇疆涔熷彲浠ュ緱鍒版姌 鍚堣川閲忋€傚埄鐢ㄨ繖涓€鐐癸紝瀹為獙娴嬪緱姘㈡皹鐏厜璋卞悗锛屽埄鐢ㄥ叾鍚屼綅绱犱綅绉昏绠楀嚭閲屽痉浼父鏁帮紝杩涜€ 璁＄畻姘樸€佹阿鏍歌川閲忔瘮銆傜粨鏋滀笌鍏鍊肩殑璇樊灏忎簬鐧惧垎涔嬩竴锛屼粠鑰岃偗瀹氫簡姘樼殑瀛樺湪骞朵笖鍏惰川閲 鍑犱箮鏄阿鍘熷瓙鐨勪袱鍊嶃€傛渶鍚庢彁鍑轰笉鍚屾暟鎹鐞嗘柟寮忥紝璇存槑澶勭悊鏂瑰紡瀵硅宸秷闄ょ殑浣滅敤銆 鍏抽敭璇 姘㈠師瀛愬彂灏勫厜璋 鍚屼綅绱犱綅绉 閲屽痉浼父鏁 鎶樺悎璐ㄩ噺 姘樻阿鏍歌川閲忔瘮 璁＄畻璇樊娑堥櫎 寮曡█ 鍘熷瓙鍙戝皠鍏夎氨娉曪紙AES 锛夋槸鐮旂┒鍘熷瓙缁撴瀯鐨勪竴绉嶉噸瑕佹柟娉曘€ 閲屽痉浼湪鎬荤粨浜嗗ぇ閲忓厜璋卞疄楠屾暟鎹悗锛岄鍏堥噰鐢ㄦ尝鏁拌〃绀哄厜璋便€傚叾琛ㄧず鍏紡涓瓨鍦ㄤ竴缁 楠屽父鏁帮紝绉颁负閲屽痉浼父鏁般€?914 骞寸幓灏旀彁鍑烘甯告暟鍙互鐢卞熀鏈墿鐞嗗父閲忚绠楀緱鍒帮紝鑰屽浜 姘㈠師瀛愶紝鍏舵牳璐ㄩ噺鐩稿浜庣數瀛愯川閲忎笉鑳借涓烘棤绌峰ぇ锛岄渶鐢ㄦ姌鍚堣川閲忚〃绀恒€?932 骞村挨闆峰湪瀹 楠屼腑閫氳繃璋辩嚎鐨勫垎寮€鍙戠幇浜嗘皹鐨勫瓨鍦紝姘樼殑璋辩嚎鐩稿姘㈣氨绾垮瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍋忕Щ绉颁负鍚屼綅绱犱綅绉汇€ 鐢变簬浣跨敤閲屽痉浼父鏁板彲浠ラ娴嬭氨绾夸綅缃紝姘㈠師瀛愭牳鍜屾皹鍘熷瓙鏍稿叿鏈変笉鍚岀殑鎶樺悎璐ㄩ噺锛岄噷 寰蜂集甯告暟涔熶笉鍚岋紝鍥犳鍙互閫氳繃娴嬮噺璋辩嚎璁＄畻姘㈡牳涓庢皹鏍哥殑璐ㄩ噺姣斻€ 鏈疄楠岄€氳繃姘㈡皹鐏厜璋辩殑娴嬮噺锛屾祴寰楀叾鍚屼綅绱犱綅绉伙紝杩涜€屾祴瀹氭皹姘㈡牳璐ㄩ噺姣旓紝鍔犳繁瀵规阿 鍏夎氨瑙勫緥鍜屽悓浣嶇礌浣嶇Щ鐨勮璇嗐€傜敱浜庤繎鍑犲勾鍚勫ぇ瀛﹀皢姝ゅ疄楠屼綔涓鸿繎浠ｇ墿鐞嗗疄楠屾暀绋嬬殑閲嶈缁 鎴愰儴鍒嗭紝宸茬粡鏈夋瘮杈冩垚鐔熺殑瀹為獙鏂规鍜屾暟鎹鐞嗘柟寮忋€傚綋鐒跺簲褰撻€夋嫨閫傚綋鐨勫鐞嗘柟寮忥紝鏈枃 涓娇鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁澶勭悊鏂瑰紡鏄紝閫氳繃瀹炴祴璋辩嚎娉㈤暱璁＄畻姘€佹皹鍚勮嚜鐨勯噷寰蜂集甯告暟锛屼竴鍏卞彲鍒嗗埆娴 寰椾笁缁勶紝瀵逛笁缁勯噷寰蜂集甯告暟姹