三农问题严峻化和改革农地质制度紧迫性.pdfVIP

三农问题的 峻化和改革农地制度的紧迫性 严 (The Communal Land Ownership, Segmented and insecure Rental Markets, and Farmers’ Worsening Relative Income） 文贯中，美国三一学院经济系 james.wen@ 文贯中，芝加哥大学经济学博士，现任教于美国三一学院经济系，主教发展经济学，贸 易，东亚经济。曾任留美经济学会会长，长期研究中国农业，农地制度，大饥荒等。近期 研究兴趣包括城市化，全球化，和李约瑟之迷等。 摘要 中国农地归村社所有，同时允许土地的使用权按人口变化定期平分。主张现行制度者虽承 认，地权不稳带来效率损失，但基于公平的理由，认为现行农地制度可防止失地贫困农户 的大量出现。然而，现状是，失地农户问题和土地纠纷日益加剧，纯农户相对收入每况愈 下，农村干群关系十分紧张，土地纠纷急剧上升,农村基础设施日益凋零。显然，现行农 地制度对纯农户分享经济繁荣，平等获得生产要素，以及主动融入世界经济，已构成严重 的制度性障碍。匡正之道只有坚持彻底的市场导向的改革，实行农地私有化。 Abstract This paper argues that the collective land ownership institutionally contributes to the relative impoverishment of farmers, especially the full time grain growers, for the following reasons. First, the rental markets are fragmented and undermined periodically by the practice of frequent land adjustment or reallocation according to changing population. Farmers cannot securely expand their land operation, thus fail to increase income. Second, farmers cannot get loans using land as collaterals at a time when such need is urgent to finance restructuring of China’s agriculture in response to globalization. Third, the rapid urbanization turns farmers into landless peasants without sufficient compensation. Fourth, sharp rise in land disputes and contests threatens the stability and harmony of the society. Fifth, not being able to own and sell land, there is little incentive for farmers to be sensitive to the appreciation of village land by taking care of the social infrastructures of their villages. Obviously, the current land tenure system is incompatible with the principle of market economy.