论马克思存在论视域下自然观及其当代价值.pdf

摘 要 摘 要 自然界，抛开发生学意义上的自然界，自古以来就是和人类的生存、生活与 发展息息相关的。人们对自然界的认识也是随着社会发展而发展的。古代人们对 自然界充满了神秘、好奇、敬畏与崇拜。今天在现代形而上学以及资本原则的驱 动下，自然界被视为为人类源源不断的为人类提供能源库的对象，我们对自然怀 着利用、征服、控制、计算、掠夺和占有之心态。从存在论意义上讲，人类对待 与处理自然界的态度与方式反映出人类自身的生存样态。纯粹地出于经济利益而 与自然界打交道，其实体现出人类自身贫乏的生存样态。因为自然界，感性存在 的自然界，就是感性存在的人，本身应该是丰富与多样性的存在。从整个西方哲 学史来看，在近代神学的视域里，自然界同人一样，都是上帝所创造的；在近代 唯物主义视域里，人们对自然界的认识趋向于实体化或者说实证化；在近代唯心 主义视域里，自然界被视为主体 “自我设定”或者说是主体 “绝对精神”的外化 之产物。而只有马克思从存在论意义上把自然界看成是人的 “无机的身体”，“人 是自然界的一部分”，从而正确地阐释了人与自然界的关系。马克思存在论视域 下的自然观，澄明了人类原始的、应然的、本真的生存与发展，也促使了当代生 态马克思主义的产生，从而为解决目前日益严重的生态问题提供了理论上的依据。 关键词：马克思，存在论，自然观，价值 第 i 页 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Nature, casting the embryonic one aside, has been in close touch with human ’s existence, life and development since ancient times. People’s understanding the nature develops with the development of society. But to nature, the people in ancient time were full of mystery, very curious, filled with awe and worship. Today, driven by metaphysics and principle of capital, nature is regarded as something which can provide people with continuously resources, and we have such attitude as taking advantage of, conquering, controlling, calculating, plundering and occupying nature. Based on the theory of ontology, the attitude and ways that human’s treating nature can reflect their own existential forms. We interact with nature for pure economic interest , in fact, which shows human’s own poor existential forms. Because nature , sensible existential nature , means sensible existential people, they should have had rich and multifarious existence. In the whole history of western philosophy, in the