“农业学大寨”运动述评——兼论我国农业现代化道路.pdfVIP

摘 要 “农业学大寨”运动是党探索我国农业现代化道路进程中的 一个不可忽视的插曲，对我国农业发展产生过复杂而深远的影 响。 初期学大寨运动的主流是学习大寨精神发展农业；随着“社 教”的进行特别是“文革”兴起后，在极“左”思想指导下的学 大寨运动逐渐步入“大批促大干”歧途，异化为全面推行“左” 倾理论与政策的政治运动，损害了农民权益，给农村带来极大危 害，使我国农业发展深陷困境，步履维艰，农业现代化徘徊不前 甚至倒退。 从总体上说，“农业学大寨”运动体现了党探索我国农业现 代化道路的一些思路：（一）依赖群众运动“大干快上”的思 路；（二）“抓革命促生产”的辩证法；（三）农民就地发展、 集体致富的范式；（四）“高积累、低消费”，先生产，后生 活，加速发展农业的思路；（五）以生产关系变革推动生产力发 展的尝试。 实践证明，这些探索因其主观和客观的原因，没能解决我国 的农业现代化道路问题，但它为新时期党探索中国特色的农业现 代化新途提供了宝贵的历史启示和借鉴：（一）必须坚决否定用 群众运动搞经济建设的错误做法；（二）必须坚决摒弃以政治革 命和阶级斗争方式搞经济建设的错误做法；（三）必须正确处理 积累和消费的比例关系；（四）必须坚持多种所有制经济共同发 展，先富带后富，逐步实现共同富裕；（五）必须遵循生产关系 一定要适合生产力状况的规律。 关键词：“农业学大寨”运动,中国共产党,农业现代化道路 2 Abstract The movement of “Learning from Dazhai in Agriculture” is an interlude that can’t be ignored during our Party’s explorations of a road to agricultural modernization of our Country. It had very complicated and far-reaching effects on the development of agriculture in our country. Before “the Cultural Revolution”, the main trend of the movement of “Learning from Dazhai in Agriculture” was to develop agriculture by way of the spirit of Dazhai. But under the guidance of wrong “left” thought, the movement stepped into the wrong road of “urging to work energetically by perpetual criticizing ”gradually after the rising of ” the Cultural Revolution , and became a political movement that persued “left” theory and policies in an all-round way. The movement damaged peasants’ rights and interests, endangered the countryside greatly, and made the agricultural development of our country deeply stuck in predicaments. It also made our agriculture move about with great difficulty