银铜微纳结构的紫外光化学沉积-修改后.doc

摘要 金属微、纳米材料是一类在光学、电学、催化和医药等领域有着广阔应用前景的新型材料，其性能不仅取决于组成单元的尺寸大小，而且也取决于组成单元的形貌，因此控制金属微、纳米粒子的大小和形状是其得以应用的前提。本论文尝试通过设计出一种简单有效的紫外光化学合成方法制备均匀并且形貌及组成可控的金属微、纳米材料，探索出一种新的简易的尺寸与形貌可控的属微、纳米粒子合成路线。论文的主要内容如下： ⑴采用紫外光化学沉积法在n型单晶硅上得到了铜晶体，并发现了反应过程中HF的作用机制，预测了溶液中HF浓度存在两个临界值；提出了形核长大竞争机制及曲率效应；解释了铜晶体形成的各种形貌； ⑵采用紫外光化学沉积法在n型单晶硅上沉积了微纳米银颗粒，并得出了沉积银的机理；发现了沉积均匀银薄膜的较好反应条件；分析了银形核长大的变化机理过程并较好的预测了的形貌。 ⑶采用紫外光化学沉积法在n型单晶硅上沉积了银铜合金，发现了沉积过程中的置换机制；设计了四种方案沉积了银铜合金，在改变比例方案中发现了铜银比例很高的“雾状”薄膜，提出了HF的浓度和银铜溶液浓度的比值存在一临界值，提出了“核桃仁”生长机制；在加入PVP方案中，发现了PVP在反应过程中的作用及对其它过程的影响；在利用扩散机制的方案中，解释了形成分形度很高形貌的原因；在增大比例方案中，得到了铜银比例更高的“雾状”薄膜并预测了铜元素含量增加的规律；采用现代分形方法对薄膜的分形维数进行了测定。 ⑷采用简单易行的大气氧化法，在钛板上成功的制备了适宜的二氧化钛薄膜；采用紫外光化学沉积法在二氧化钛薄膜上成功的制备出了三种不同形貌的微纳米银并探讨了其长大变化过程中的机制。 紫外光化学沉积，银铜，微纳结构，单晶硅，钛 ABSTRACT Metal micro-nano structures have been of great interest for decades because of their potential applications in photonics,electronics,catalysis and other areas.The properties of metal structures depend strongly on not only their sizes,but also their shapes.Therefore,it is of interest to develop new synthetic methods that are effective in control of sizes and shapes.The main goal of this thesis is to synthesize metal micro-nano structures of various morphologies and sizes through UV chemical deposition and probe into the essence of their morphologies and sizes.The main results of this thesis are outlined as follows： ⑴We have obtained crystals of copper on n-type silicon by UV chemical deposition, found the reaction mechanism of the process of HF and predicted the concentration of two critical values in solution. We proposed nucleation and growth mechanism of competition, the curvature effect and explained the formation of copper crystals of various shapes. ⑵We have obtained micro-nano structure of silver particles on n-type silicon by UV chemical deposition. We obtained the mechanism of silver deposition and found the better conditions to acquire uniform silver film deposition.We analyzed the change mechanism of nucleation and growth process of the s