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国际贸易实务教案
Chapter 1 Brief Introduction to International Trade
1.1 Reasons for international trade
1.1.1 Resources Reasons ------------- P 1-3
(1) Favorable climate conditions and terrain.
For example: Colombia and Brazil ---- growing coffee beans.
(2) Natural resources.
For example: the Middle East---- rich oil reserves over 50% of the world total reserves, 40% of the world total output.
(3) Skilled workers and capital resources.
For example: 1. Japan , and western European countries ----- skilled workers, manufacture sophisticated equipment and machinery.
2. the developing countries ---- lack of capital(advanced machinery plant ), to modernize their industries and economies.
(4) Favorable geographic location and transportation costs.
For example: trade relationshiop ---- 1. Sino- Janpanese (geographic proximity and low transport cost).
2. the members of European Union
(5) Insufficient production
1.1.2 Economic Reasons -------------- P 3-5
(1) Comparative advantage
For example P3-5 Comparative-Cost Example
(2) Strong domestic demand
(3) Innovation or style
1.1.3 Political Reasons ------------- P 5
1.2 Benefits of international trade ---------- P 6-7
1. Cheaper goods
2. Greater variety when goods come from more countries
3. Wider market with increasing number of trading partners
4. Growth of economy
1.3 Problems Concerning International Trade ------------- P 7-11
1. Cultural Problems P 11
(1) Language.
(2) Customs and manners.
2. Monetary Conversions P 11
For example: currencies (hard , soft) ; exchange rate.
3. Trade restrictions P 7
(1) Reasons for trade restriction ------ diversified economy, infant industry and mature industry, political reason.
Individual countries put controls on trade for the following three reasons:
To correct a balance-of-payments deficit.
For reasons of national security.
To protect their own industries against the competition
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