ExplainingMentalDisorder：解释的心理障碍.pptVIP

Explaining Mental Disorder The study of mental disorder involves: Definition: What do we mean by mental disorder? Classification: How do we distinguish between different mental disorders? Explanation: How do we understand mental disorder? Treatment: How do we treat mental disorder? Different Approaches to Explaining Mental Disorder No completely dominant approach. Different Approaches to Explaining Mental Disorder All of the approaches we will explore assume that the proximal cause of behaviour and experience is biological. The approaches emphasize different distal causes. Different Approaches to Explaining Mental Disorder Most psychologists today do not propose linear, one dimensional causal explanations Approaches to Explaining Mental Disorder Biological / Neuroscience Perspective Psychodynamic Perspective Cognitive Perspective Behavioural Perspective Sociocultural Perspective Humanistic / Existential Perspective Interpersonal Perspective Biological / Neuroscience Perspective the functioning of the brain and other biological systems Behaviour Genetics Behaviour Genetics studies the extent to which mental disorder is caused by genetics. The “nature-nurture” debate explores the role of genes vs. the environment. Behaviour Genetics Three different methods are used: family studies twin studies adoption studies Family Studies Examine family members of an individual with a mental disorder to see what percentage of relatives also have the disorder. Twin Studies Monozygotic twins (MZ) share exactly the same genotype. Dizygotic twins (DZ), have 50% of their genes in common. Adoption Studies Attempt to remove environmental influence that DZ and MZ twins share by studying twins that have been separated at birth. Adoption Studies Adoptions studies still do not control for all environmental factors because: People with the same genes seek out and elicit the same kinds of environments. Outgoing vs. Shy Energetic vs. Passive Genes and BehaviourSummary It is most helpf