计算机导论Chapter7 Low-levelProgrammingLanguages.ppt

Chapter 6,7,8,9 Programming Layer 《计算机科学导论》课程组 华南师范大学·计算机学院 The Programming Layer What’s the layer is about? The Programming Layer Chapter 7→6→8 Chapter 9 (Not Required) Chapter 7 Low-level Programming Languages Contents 7.1 Computer Operations 7.2 Machine Language 7.3 Assembly Language 7.4 Testing 7.1 Computer Operations Definition of a computer : a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data Computer Operations: (programmable) store retrieve Process input output 7.1 Computer Operations Programmable: The instructions that manipulate data can be stored in the machine and can be replaced Store, Retrieve, Process: actions the computer hardware can perform on data when control unit executes instructions store: store data (in CPU) into the memory retrieve: retrieve data from the memory (into CPU) process: arithmetic and logical operations performed by ALU 7.1 Computer Operations Other Operations: There should be instructions that specify the interaction between input devices and CPU and between output devices and CPU input operations output operations 7.2 Machine Language 7.2.1 What’s machine language? 7.2.2 Pep/7: A Virtual Computer 7.2.3 A Program Example 7.2.1 What’s machine language? Meaning What We Say … The instructions built into the hardware of a particular computer. What’s machine language? What’s machine language? The set of instructions executed directly by a computers CPU. Machine language = Machine code 机器代码 Every CPU model has its own machine code, or instruction set. 7.2.2 Pep/7: A Virtual Computer p202 Virtual Computer A hypothetical machine designed to contain the important features of real computers that we want to illustrate. Pep/7 designed by Stanley Warford has 32 machine-language instructions Features in Pep/7 Word-Length: 16bits (2bytes) The memory unit is made up of 4,096 bytes. Pep/7’S CPU Covered the program counter (PC) (contains the address of the next instruction to be executed). the in