第三章 Operating-System Structures 操作系统结构.ppt

Module 3: Operating-System Structures操作系统结构 System Components系统部件 Operating System Services操作系统服务 System Calls系统调用 System Programs系统程序 System Structure 系统结构 Virtual Machines虚拟机 System Design and Implementation系统设计和实现 System Generation系统生成 Common System Components系统部件 Process Management 进程管理 Main Memory Management主存管理 Secondary-Storage Management 二级储存器管理 I/O System Management I/O系统管理 File Management 文件管理 Protection System 保护系统 Networking 网络处理 Command-Interpreter System 命令解释器系统 Process Management进程管理 A process is a program in execution. A process needs certain resources, including CPU time, memory, files, and I/O devices, to accomplish its task. 进程是正在执行的程序。为了完成其任务，进程需要一定的资源，包括CPU时间，存储器，文件，以及I/O设备 The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management. 在同进程管理有关的活动中，操作系统负责下列事务： Process creation and deletion. 进程创建和删除 process suspension and resumption. 进程挂起和恢复 Provision of mechanisms for 可提供以下有关机制: process synchronization 进程同步 process communication 进程通信 Main-Memory Management主存管理 Memory is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address. It is a repository of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and I/O devices.存储器是字或字节的一个大数组，每一字或字节有自己的地址。它是一个可被CPU和I/O 共享、可快速存取数据的存放地 Main memory is a volatile storage device. It loses its contents in the case of system failure.主存储器是一个易失性存储设备。系统失败时，会丢失其内容 The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections with memory management: 在同存储管理有关的活动中，操作系统负责下列事务： Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom. 保持记录存储器的哪一部分当前被使用以及被谁使用 Decide which processes to load when memory space becomes available.当有可用存储空间时，决定调入哪个进程 Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed. 需要时分配和收回存储空间 Secondary-Storage Management二级存储管理 Since main memory (primary storage) is volatile and too small to accommodate all data and programs permanently, the computer system must provide secondary storage to back up main memory. 由于主存（基