试论等电位和屏蔽是自动气象站防雷的关键.docVIP

试论等电位和屏蔽是自动气象站防雷的关键 　　摘要：随着经济的发展，气象也走上了现代化建设的快车道，与国防、国民生产、生活息息相关的气象监测、预报也不断上新台阶，其中自动气象站的普及应用就是一个明显的例子。目前自动气象站已无处不在，闹市中心、边远的山区、空旷的野外、甚至座落在多雷区、强雷区。但是由于自动气象站本身的结构特点，风向标杆成了直击雷袭击的目标;它的“观测场”和“值班室”都是传感器、数据采集器、微机等伏秒特性很差的、容易遭受雷害的设备;加上条件所限，绝大多数站点的电源线、信号线只能架空引入，雷电波的入侵，雷电的静电感应和雷电的电磁感应在所难免，雷电成了自动气象站的天敌。我们必须制定切实可行的防雷对策，才能保障自动气象站全天候发挥应有的自动测报功能。我们认为在众多的防雷措施中，等电位和屏蔽是自动气象站防雷的关键。 　　关键词：自动气象站防雷等电位屏蔽关键 　　Abstract: with the development of economy, the weather also embarked on a modernization drive, and national defense, national production, life, weather monitoring, forecasting has been a new level, the popularization and application of the automatic weather station is an obvious example. The automatic weather station has been everywhere, the city center, a remote mountain area, wide open spaces, and is located in the large area of CAAC. However, due to the structure characteristics of automatic weather station itself, the benchmarking into lightning attacks; its observation and room is easy to sensor, data acquisition, computer etc. the volt second characteristic is very poor, suffered from lightning equipment; limits and conditions, power line, the vast majority of site of the signal line only overhead introduced, lightning wave intrusion, electromagnetic induction lightning electrostatic induction and thunder lightning can hardly be avoided, the automatic weather station of natural enemies. We must develop lightning feasible countermeasures, in order to protect play automatic measuring and reporting functions of all-weather automatic weather station. We believe that in many of the lightning protection measures, potential and shield is the key to the lightning protection of automatic weather station. 　　Keywords: automatic weather station, lightning protection, shielding, equipotential, key 　　 中图分类号：P4文献标识码： A文章编号： 　　 　　一、雷电对自动气象站的危害 　　直击雷对自动气象站的危害 　　当直击雷袭击自动气象站或其附近的物体时，强大的雷电流（几万安到十几万安）的分布取决自动气象站结构和整个防直击雷系统的电感分布而不是电阻，绝大部分雷电流沿作引下线瞬间泄涌入地，引起地电位高电压成喇叭形分布，这电压与远方大地之间的电位差往往是十万伏、甚至是几十万