语言学导论考试题目 英语专业.doc

一、 1.LAD: language acquisition device 语言习得机制 2. Displacement: Displacement is that language can refer to the contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. 移位法 3、cultural transmission： 文化传递性 Animals call systems are genetically transmitted. Human languages are culturally transmitted. 4. Interpersonal function: 人际关系 Interpersonal function is the most important sociological use of language, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society. In addition, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves indicate the various types of interpersonal relations. Finally, language marks our identity. 5.Linguistics: Linguistics is defined as the systematic (or scientific) study of language 语言学 6、Applied linguistics: Applied linguistics is a branch of study which apply linguistics to the research of other areas. 应用语言学 7、Syntax: Syntax studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences. 句法学 8. morphology: Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. 形态学 二、 1. Language acquisition and language learning Language acquisition is to get a language subconsciously and naturally with no great effort. Language learning is to get a language consciously with great efforts and usually under the teachers’ instruction. For instance, for most Chinese, their knowledge about their mother tongue-Chinese, is language acquisition, while their knowledge about English is language learning. 2. Foreign language and second language A language has gained official status in certain region or country is called second language, while foreign language has not. For example, for most Indians, English is their second language since English has gained official status in their country while English is regarded as foreign language in China. 3. Expressive function and Evocative function Expressive function is the use of language to reveal something ab