人民陪审制度论-毕业论文.doc

摘  要  人民陪审制度，是指国家审判机关吸收非职业法官为陪审员，参加审判刑事、 民事、行政案件的制度。2004 年 8 月 28 日，全国人大常委会第十一次会议通过了 《关于完善人民陪审制度的决定》，确立了人民陪审制度是我国司法改革进程中必 须坚持的一项重要改革，是一项充分体现社会主义司法民主和人民监督审判的法 律制度。 陪审制度最初起源于古希腊。现代意义上的陪审制度发轫于 1215 年的英国《大 宪章》。随着西方文化的传播，陪审制度在我国走过了近百年的发展历程。我国现 代人民陪审制度来源于革命战争时期根据地的有关法律规定以及前苏联的民事诉 讼理论和审判实践。建国五十多年以来，人民陪审员制度经过多次淡化与重视， 现在在人民法院案件审理过程中正发挥着越来越大的作用。 随着司法实践的深入，我国人民陪审员制度的缺陷逐渐显现，由于缺乏相应 的宪法支持，缺乏具体实施方式，缺乏保障措施等原因，人民陪审员制度优势的 发挥遭到了阻滞。为了使陪审员制度进一步规范与系统化，具有中国特色的人民 陪审员制度应当在借鉴西方陪审团制度的同时，既考虑到陪审加之于司法的公正、 理性等实体价值，又要争取实现因广泛的代表性而彰显出的民主、参与等程序价 值。具体而言，需要从立法上进一步明确人民陪审员制度的相关问题，从任职资 格、职权、管理、监督与公示等几方面完善人民陪审员制度。本文从学理概念和 法律运用出发，对我国人民陪审员制度现状进行梳理，并对其进一步完善提出建 言，以期对人民陪审员制度理论研究和法制建设有所裨益。 关键词：人民陪审员；人民陪审员制度；制度完善 I ABSTRACT The system of people’s assessor is the system that judicial organs absorb non-professional judges as assessor to participate in criminal, civil and administrative trials. Decision on Improvement of People’s Assessor System was adopted by the 11th Meeting of Standing Committee of National People’s Congress on Aug. 28th, 2004, which established that people’s assessor system is one of the most important reform that China should persist during the course of judicial reform and a legal system that fully reflects judicial democracy of socialism and people’s supervision on trials. Jury system was originated from ancient Greece. Origin of jury system in modern times was Britain’s Great Charter in 1215. With the spread of western culture, jury system has being developed for nearly a hundred year. Sources of people’s assessor system in China were legal regulations of revolutionary bases in Revolutionary War Period and civil procedural theories and judicial practice of former Soviet Union. Over 50 years since the foundation of People’s Republic of China, people’s assessor system had been neglected and attached importance for many times. It plays a more and more important role during the trial in people’s court. With the deepening of judicial practice, defects of people’s assessor are being exposed