模块十三：宾语从句.doc

模块十三：宾语从句 一、宾语从句的断定 定义：宾语从句，顾名思义，是一个用作宾语的句子。例如： I dont know if / whether my father will come back tomorrow. （我不知道明天我爸爸是否会回来。） Tom cant decide which sweater he should buy. （汤姆不能决定应该买哪一件羊毛衫。） We all know（that）the sun rises in the east. （我们都知道太阳在东方升起。） 二、辨别主句和宾语从句---连接词 引导宾语从句的连接词有三种，分别为： A. 连词 if / whether ：原来的直接引语为一般疑问句。 Will he come back tomorrow？ Do you know？ → Do you know if / whether he will come back tomorrow？ B. 连接代词或连接副词：原来的直接引语为特殊疑问句。 Which sweater should Tom buy？ Tom cant decide. → Tom cant decide which sweater he should buy. C. 连词 that ： 宾语从句是原来直接引语中的陈述句 The sun rises in the east. We all know. → We all know that the sun rises in the east. 【重点】 三、宾语从句的时态： 1、如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词的时态可以根据具体情况，该用哪种时态，就用哪种时态。 2、如果主句谓语动词的时态为一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致的原则，从句谓语动词的时态可以使用相应的过去时态。 1）宾语从句中的一般现在时变为一般过去时： is / am / are → was / were； do / does → did； may → might； need → needed can → could . 2）宾语从句中的一般将来时变为过去将来时： is /am / are going to do → was / were going to do； will do → would do . 3）宾语从句中的现在完成时变为过去完成时： has / have done → had done . 4）宾语从句中的现在进行时变为过去进行时： is / am / are doing → was / were doing . A. Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music. → Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music. B. Lucy says that Lily will go home. → Lucy said that Lily would go home. C. Lucy says that Lily gets up at five. → Lucy said that Lily got up at five. D. Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou. → Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou. 【注意】 1、如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时，不管主句是何种时态，都用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 2、当主句是Could you …表示婉转的语气，从句的时态无需受主句的影响发生变化。 Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow ? 【考点诠释】 一、连接词 宾语从句的连接词分为三类： 1. 引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。 2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether。 注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。 3. 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。 一Excuse me，could you tell me__________? —Theres a bank on the second floor．You can make it there．[黄冈市] A. where I can