22.4高中英语语法.docVIP

22.4 同位语 22.4.1 用名词，代词或数词作同位语 1) 在名词后常可跟另一名词作它的同位语，说明它指谁: She is my niece Maria. 同为语有两种： 限制性同位语——它和前面的名词（代词）关系比较紧密，中间没有逗号把它们分开： My aunt Lena is staying with me. He wrote a biography of the Russian writer Tolstoy. You girls are much more active than us boys. 非限制性同位语——它和前面名词的关系比较松散，中间通常有一个逗号把它们分开（表示略有停顿）： This is professor baker, head of our department. They are staying at Beidaihe, a summer resort in northern China. We completed the project in six months, half the usual time. We have everything we need: land, funds and technology. Qinghai, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 meters above sea-level. One, Haisipi Island, has an area of 0.46 sq. km. and the other, Bird Island, measures 0.11 sq. km. 多数的同位语属于后一类。 2) 有些同位语是代词(a)或是数词(b)： We’re both from (both came from) the north. The theory itself is all right. We each put forward a proposal. They none of them said anything. She seemed different from us? Is there room for us two? You three sit here. Another example is john brown senior, now 66, who has been here for 40 years. Some 485 million people, about two-fifths of our population, live in this immense area. 22.4.2 用形容词或词组作同位语 1) 有些同位语可以是形容词： People, old and young, came out to greet the distinguished visitors. Middle-aged, tall and thin, he looked the typical Shanxi farmer. 2) 有些同位语结构复杂一些，带有一个副词或代词： Xiao Yan, normally a timid girl, argued heatedly with them about it. It has several waiting rooms, all airy and filled with chairs and sofas. Two phosphate mines, one in Hubei and the other in Huizhou, are being speedily built. These methods, systematically summarized, are now being popularized in the whole country. 这类同位语也可以提前，特别是主语比较短时，来给它以突出的位置： A peasant by birth, Liu Qiang is straightforward in character. A skilful hand at improving tools, xiao hu helped to make a new type of cutter. Formerly a worker himself, he is now an engineer. 3) 有些同位语结构更复杂一点，由for example, including等引导： They visit eight cities, for example, London and Paris. New Zealand po