我国农村剩余劳动力转移与小城镇发展 正文.docVIP

摘要 小城镇建设是当前中国农村剩余劳动力转移的重要途径之一，是关系到全面建设小康社会和国民经济现代化能否实现的关键性问题。本文采用了理论探索与实证研究相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合，采取比较分析法、综合分析法等，对农村剩余劳动力向小城镇转移问题进行了现实的和实际的探讨与研究。当前我国的剩余劳动力存在着量大、素质低、转移的难题多等特点，其转移的途径和渠道也应该是多样性和全方位的，其中小城镇建设在转移农村剩余劳动力过程中起到了极其重要的作用。通过小城镇的建设与发展，有利于提高人素质，提高农村经济水平，刺激经济稳定增长，也有利于农村产业化的发展，改变农村居民的思想观念和生活方式，促进中国经济综合发展。但在小城镇建设与发展过程中，却存在着许多制约性的因素，如户口籍制度、社会保障制度、就业制度等，以及小城镇自身不完善性和农村剩余劳动力本身的制约。农剩余劳动力向小城镇转移，必须从根本上消除各种制约性因素。首先要解放思想，加快农民观念的转变，组织好培训环节，提高劳动者素质，促使农民向现代农民和现代文明转变。其次要深化改革，加快制度完善。要加快土地制度改革，加快农村土地使用权流转；加快户口籍管理制度改革，建立促进劳动力流动制度；调动各方面因素，切实保护好进城务工农民的合法权益；政府要加快农村教育制度改革，提高农村劳动者素质。再次要加快中心镇建设，突出示范性城镇建设。在中心镇建设的问题上，必须科学合理地规划，解决好农民在中心镇“留得住”、“离得开土地”的问题。只有繁荣小城镇经济，才能更好地发挥中心镇的作用。增大示范性城镇数量，并强化其影响力和辐射力，从而更好地发挥小心镇的作用。在小城镇建设问题上，要实行多元化的投资与融资渠道，加速小城镇的发展。 关键词：农村剩余劳动力;小城镇;制约因素;对策 ABSTRACT Small-town-Building is one of the ways to transfer the rural surplus labor in the countryside, a key problem related to build a well-off society and modernize national economy。 This paper involves in this matter with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis combined, and makes use of comparative and comprehensive means to research some possibility that realize the displacement from the village to small towns. Facing a large amount of rural surplus population who are usually less-educated and not willing move, it not easy to carry out the movement unless adopting some new ways. We realize it more effective that small towns absorb the surplus population and they actually raise their life-level and stimulate the economic growth and make the promotion in the rural areas. But there are many existing obstacles, such as Permanent residence, social insurance and employment, which prevent the farmers from displacement. In this article, the writer was wondering and discussing how to get rid of the impede and tried to find a suitable way to go around the hinders. The new opinion deems necessary to conduct a series of reforms and change of the relative systems above, especially land transfer, flexible residence and promotion