反渗透基本原理.pptVIP

反渗透基础原理 各种过滤介质的过滤方式 错流过滤所产生的浓差极化 渗透 平衡 反渗透 水中的杂质 水中的杂质 水中的杂质 水中的杂质 水中的杂质 反渗透可去除： 溶液中的离子 离子的相关渗透率 谢谢！ Direct Filtration consists of 2 water streams. A feed water containing contaminants and a product water stream know as filtrate A media inside the filter such as sand, gravel or anthracite prevents the passage of particles larger than the channels between the media particles Animation Arrows appear as announced Backwash water is introduced in the opposite direction of normal flow to remove built up particles. This backwash is directed to a sewer or other treatment area for processing and disposal Animation Arrows appear as announced Cross flow filtration methods differ in that they have three flow streams. The feed water stream containing contaminants, a product water stream known a permeate and a waste stream referred to as concentrate or reject which continuously removes concentrated contaminants from the surface of the filter media Animation: Arrows appear as announced Cross flow filtration methods use pressure to push water containing dissolved solids across or tangent to the membrane surface. This pressure overcomes both hydraulic back pressure of the flow but the osmotic pressure of the water. pushing purified water through the membrane surface. Animation: Flow with contaminants appear in direction of flow across the membrane surface Doted water arrows permeate through the membrane At the membrane surface there is a localized concentration effect called the boundary layer. In the layer, concentration is upto 15% higher than the bulk water. Velocity at the membrane surface is also slower. As feed water flows across the membrane surface and product water passes through, the feed water concentration begins to increase and it’s velocity starts to decrease. Important things to remember which affect the operation of a cross flow filtration system. The water velocity must be sufficient enough to keep the